Special diets for2型糖尿病often focus on weight loss, so it might seem crazy that a high-fat diet is an option. The ketogenic (keto) diet, high in fat and low in carbs, can potentially change the way your body stores and uses energy, easing diabetes symptoms.
凭借酮饮食，您的身体将脂肪而不是糖转化为能量。饮食是在1920年代创建的癫痫，但是对于2型糖尿病，也正在研究这种饮食模式的影响。
生酮饮食可以改善血糖水平（糖）水平，同时还可以减少对胰岛素的需求。但是，饮食确实有风险。在做出巨大的饮食改变之前，请务必与您的医生讨论。
Many people with type 2 diabetes are overweight, so a high-fat diet can seem unhelpful.
生酮饮食的目的是让人体使用脂肪代替碳水化合物或葡萄糖。在酮饮食上，您会从脂肪中获得大部分能量，而碳水化合物的饮食很少。
的ketogenic diet doesn’t mean you should load up on saturated fats, though. Heart-healthy fats are the key to sustaining overall health. Some healthy foods that are commonly eaten in the ketogenic diet include:
- eggs
- fish such as salmon
- 干酪
- 牛油果
- olives and olive oil
- nuts and nut butters
- 种子
的ketogenic diet has the potential to decrease blood glucose levels. Managing carbohydrate intake is often recommended for people with type 2 diabetes because carbohydrates turn to sugar and, in large quantities, can cause blood sugar spikes.
However, carb counts should be determined on an individual basis with the help of your doctor.
如果您已经患有高血糖，那么吃太多碳水化合物可能是危险的。通过将重点切换为脂肪，有些人会降低血糖。
阿特金斯饮食是最著名的低碳水化合物，高蛋白饮食之一，通常与酮饮食有关。但是，两种饮食有一些重大差异。
罗伯特·C·阿特金斯（Robert C. Atkins）博士在1970年代创建了阿特金斯饮食。它通常被推广为减肥的一种方式，还可以控制许多健康问题，包括2型糖尿病。
While cutting excess carbs is a healthy step, it’s not clear if this diet alone can help diabetes. Weight loss of any kind is beneficial for diabetes and high blood sugar levels, whether it’s from the Atkins diet or another program.
Unlike the keto diet, the Atkins diet doesn’t necessarily advocate increased fat consumption. Still, you might increase your fat intake by limiting carbohydrates and eating more animal protein.
The potential drawbacks are similar.
Aside from a high saturated fat intake, there’s the possibility of low blood sugar, or hypoglycemia, from restricting carbs too much. This is especially true if you take medications that increase insulin levels in the body and don’t change your dosage.
Cutting carbs on the Atkins diet can potentially aid weight loss and help you control diabetes symptoms. However, there aren’t enough studies to suggest that Atkins and diabetes control go hand-in-hand.
将人体的主要能源从碳水化合物转变为脂肪会导致血液中的酮增加。这种“饮食酮症”与ketoacidosis，这是一个极其危险的条件。
当您有太多酮时，您可能有发展的风险diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)。当血糖过高时，DKA最普遍，在1型糖尿病中，可能是由于缺乏胰岛素而引起的。
尽管很少见，但如果酮太高，则可以在2型糖尿病中进行DKA。
如果您正在使用生酮饮食，请确保全天测试血糖水平，以确保它们在目标范围内。另外，请考虑测试酮水平，以确保您没有DKA的风险。
The美国糖尿病协会如果您的血糖高于240 mg/dl，建议对酮进行测试。您可以在家中用尿条进行测试。
DKA is a medical emergency. If you’re experiencing the symptoms of DKA, see your doctor immediately. Complications can cause diabetic coma.
DKA的警告信号包括：
- consistentlyhigh blood sugar
- 口干
- 尿频
- 恶心
- 呼吸有水果状的气味
- breathing difficulties
生酮饮食似乎很简单。但是，与典型的低热量饮食不同，高脂饮食需要仔细监测。实际上，您可能会在医院开始饮食。
Your doctor needs to monitor both blood glucose and ketone levels to make sure that the diet isn’t causing any negative effects. Once your body adjusts to the diet, you may still need to see your doctor once or twice a month for testing and medication adjustments.
即使您的症状有所改善，同步定期血糖监测仍然很重要。对于2型糖尿病，测试频率各不相同。请务必与您的医生联系，并确定您情况的最佳测试时间表。
In 2008, researchers conducted a
At the end of the study, participants who followed the ketogenic diet saw greater improvements in glycemic control and medication reduction compared to those who followed a low-glycemic diet.
A
A2017年研究also found the ketogenic diet outperformed a conventional, low-fat diabetes diet over 32 weeks regarding weight loss and A1c.
There’s research that supports the ketogenic diet for diabetes management, while other research seems to recommend opposing dietary treatments like a plant-based diet.
2017年的一项研究发现，遵循植物性饮食的糖尿病患者的血糖和A1C，心血管疾病危险因素，负责胰岛素敏感性的肠道细菌以及C反应性蛋白等炎症标志物的显着改善。
的ketogenic diet may offer hope to people with type 2 diabetes who have difficulty controlling their symptoms. Not only do many people feel better with fewer diabetic symptoms, but they may also be less dependent on medications.
Still, not everyone has success on this diet. Some may find the restrictions too difficult to follow over the long term.
Yo-yo dieting can be dangerous for diabetes, so you should only start the ketogenic diet if you’re sure you can commit to it. A plant-based diet may be more beneficial for you both short and long term.
Your dietician and doctor can help you determine the best diet choice for managing your condition.
While you may be tempted to self-treat with a more “natural” route through dietary changes, be sure to discuss the keto diet with your doctor first. The diet may throw off your blood sugar levels, causing further issues, especially if you’re on medications for diabetes.
