trichomoniasis（“ Trich”）是一个常见性传播感染（STI）。According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 3.7 million Americans 在任何给定的时间都患有毛肌瘤。

Trich很容易治疗。

Trich通常没有症状。CDC报告了 only 30 percent of people who have acquired trich report any symptoms at all. In one study, 85 percent of affected women didn’t have any symptoms.

当确实发生症状时，他们通常会在一个人患病后5到28天开始。对于某些人来说，这可能需要更长的时间。

The most common symptoms among people with vaginas are:

The most common symptoms in people with penises are:

Trich是由一种称为单细胞原生动物的生物引起的trichomonas阴道。它通过生殖器在人与人之间传播contact during sex or from shared sex toys.

In women and those with vaginas, the organism causes an infection in thevagina，尿道或两者兼而有之。在男人或有阴茎的人中，感染仅发生在尿道中。

Once it begins, it can easily be transmitted through genital contact without a condom or other barrier method.

Trich isn’t transmitted through normal physical contact such as hugging, kissing, sharing dishes, or sitting on a toilet seat. In addition, it can’t be spread through sexual contact that doesn’t involve the genitals.

一百万个新案件根据美国性健康协会（ASHA）和 CDC 。

滴虫病is more common in women than in men, and 230万 获得它的妇女在14至49岁之间。

It’s more common among older people and especially in those with vaginas. One study showed that themost positive cases发生在50岁以上的年龄组中。

由于拥有：传播风险可能会增加：

  • 多个性伴侣
  • a history of other STIs
  • previous trich transmissions
  • sex without a condom or other barrier method

Trich症状与其他性传播感染的症状相似。它不能仅通过症状来诊断。任何认为他们可能已经获得Trich的人都应该去看医生进行身体检查和实验室检查。

A number of tests can diagnose trich, including:

  • 细胞培养
  • antigen tests (antibodies bind if theTrichomonasparasite is present, which causes a color change)
  • tests that look forTrichomonasDNA
  • examination of samples of vaginal fluid, urethral discharge, or urine under a microscope

滴虫病can be cured with antibiotics. Your doctor may recommend甲硝唑(Flagyl) or tinidazole (Tindamax).

Don’t drink any alcohol for the first 24 hours after taking metronidazole or the first 72 hours after taking tinidazole. It can cause severe nausea and vomiting.

确保您的性伴侣也经过测试并服用药物。没有任何症状并不意味着他们没有获得。在您和所有伴侣接受治疗后，您将需要避免性接触一周。

Without treatment, trich can be ongoing. With treatment, it’s usually cured within a week.

如果您的伴侣没有接受治疗，或者如果新伴侣已签约，您可以在治疗后再次收缩Trich。

通过确保所有性伴侣获得治疗，减少您再次获得Trich的机会。然后，等待条件清除，然后再重新开始性活跃。建议您在服药后等待1周，然后再进行性爱。

一周后，您的症状应该消失。如果您的症状持续更长的时间，请与您的医生谈论重新测试和撤退。

至少在治疗后3个月，请参阅医生进行Trich的后续测试。妇女和阴道患者的重新收购率可能高 17％ in the 3 months after treatment.

即使您的伴侣也得到了治疗，也可能进行重新攻击。有些情况下，Trich对某些药物有抵抗力。

Some tests can be conducted as soon as 2 weeks after your treatment. Because of a lack of data 支持男人和有阴茎的人的纠正，他们通常没有重新测试。

A trich transmission can make it easier to contract other STIs. Genital inflammation caused by trichomoniasis can increase your risk of gettingHIV，，，，along with other STIs. It also becomes easier for you to transmit HIV to someone else when you have trich.

其他条件，例如gonorrhea，，，，衣原体，，，，andbacterial vaginosisoften occur along with trich. Untreated conditions can result in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Complications of PID include:

  • fallopian tube blockage due to scar tissue
  • 不育
  • 慢性腹部或骨盆疼痛

Trich can cause unique complications in those who arepregnant。There can be a higher chance of delivering prematurely or delivering a baby with low birth weight.

尽管很少见，但在分娩过程中可能会向婴儿传播。

It’s safe to take the medications metronidazole and tinidazole during pregnancy. No adverse effects have been noted.

如果您怀孕并怀疑您已经获得了Trich或任何其他性传播感染，请尽快与您的医生交谈，以防止您和您的孩子并发症。

You can only fully prevent acquiring trich by abstaining from all sexual activity.

Uselatex condoms方法在性活动或其他障碍reduce your chances of acquiring trich and other STIs.

问：

我的伴侣有一个性传播感染，但我没有任何症状。为什么我需要接受测试或服用相同的药物？

匿名病人

A：

STIs are common conditions among sexually active individuals. Oftentimes people who have acquired STIs like chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trich don’t have any symptoms. It’s not uncommon for people to find out that they have it only after they’ve been tested. When a sexual partner is diagnosed with an STI, the CDC recommends that all partners be treated while waiting for test results on themselves. This lowers the chance of complications.

对于具有阴道的人来说，获得性传播感染比其他人更为复杂。由于阴道连接到子宫颈，开口到子宫，这使得从阴道开始的疾病更容易移入子宫，输卵管和腹腔。这会导致严重的状态PID。

For people with penises, delaying diagnosis and treatment means they risk developing more difficult-to-treat conditions and may unknowingly pass it on to other people.

防止性传播感染并发症的最佳方法是在变得更加严重之前检查和治疗它们。

Judith Marcin, MD Answers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice.