甲状腺手术
The thyroid is a small gland shaped like a butterfly. It’s located in the lower front part of the neck, just below the voice box.
甲状腺产生血液，血液对身体中的每种组织进行。它有助于调节新陈代谢 - 身体将食物变为能量的过程。它还在保持机构正常运行并帮助身体节省热量的作用中起作用。
Sometimes, the thyroid produces too much hormone. It may also develop structural problems, such as swelling and the growth of cysts or nodules. Thyroid surgery may be necessary when these problems occur.
甲状腺手术involves removing all or a portion of the甲状腺。A doctor will perform this surgery in a hospital while the patient is under general anesthesia.
The most common reason for thyroid surgery is the presence of nodules or tumors on the thyroid gland. Most nodules are benign, but some can be cancerous or precancerous.
甚至良性结节都会导致问题，如果它们变得足够大以阻塞喉咙，或者他们刺激甲状腺过度产生的激素（称为甲状腺功能亢进的病症）。
Surgery can correcthyperthyroidism。甲状腺功能亢进is frequently the result of anautoimmune disorder被称为坟墓疾病。
坟墓疾病causes the body to misidentify the thyroid gland as a foreign body and send antibodies to attack it. These antibodies inflame the thyroid, causing hormone overproduction.
甲状腺手术的另一个原因是甲状腺的肿胀或扩大。这被称为agoiter。像大结节一样，姑娘可以阻挡喉咙并干扰吃，说话和呼吸。
有几种不同类型的甲状腺手术。最常见的是肺叶切除术，小甲状腺切除术和总甲状腺切除术。
肺病术
有时，结节，炎症或肿胀只影响甲状腺的一半。当发生这种情况时，医生会消除只有两个裂片中的一个。留下的部分应保留其一些或全部功能。
伯甲状腺切除术
小甲状腺切除术去除甲状腺，但留下少量甲状腺组织。这保留了一些甲状腺功能。
Many individuals who undergo this type of surgery develop hypothyroidism, a condition that occurs when the thyroid doesn’t produce enough hormones. This is treated with daily hormone supplements.
Total thyroidectomy
总甲状腺切除术去除整个甲状腺和甲状腺组织。当结节，肿胀或炎症影响整个甲状腺时或存在癌症时，这种手术是合适的。
甲状腺手术takes place in a hospital. It’s important not to eat or drink anything after midnight before your surgery.
当您到达医院时，您将入住，然后去一个准备的区域，在那里您将卸下衣服并放在医院礼服。护士将在手腕或手臂中插入IV，以管理液体和药物。
在手术前，你会遇到你的外科医生。他们会做出快速检查并回答您可能对该程序的任何问题。您还将与麻醉师会面，他们将在整个程序中施用让您睡觉的药物。
当它是手术的时候，你将在Gurney上进入手术室。麻醉师会将药物注入你的IV。当它进入你的身体时，药物可能会感到寒冷或刺痛，但它会很快让你进入深度睡眠。
The surgeon will make an incision over the thyroid gland and carefully remove all or part of the gland. Because the thyroid is small and surrounded by nerves and glands, the procedure may take 2 hours or more.
你会在康复室醒来，工作人员将确保你舒服。他们将根据需要检查您的生命体征并施用止痛药。当您处于稳定状态时，他们将您转移到一个房间，在那里您将在24至48小时内持续观察到。
Robotic thyroidectomy
Another type of surgery is called a robotic thyroidectomy. In a robotic thyroidectomy, the surgeon can remove all or part of the thyroid through an axillary incision (via the armpit) or transorally (via the mouth).
You may resume most of your normal activities the day after surgery. However, wait for at least 10 days, or until your doctor gives you permission, to engage in strenuous activities such as high-impact exercise.
你的喉咙可能会感到几天疼痛。您可以采取过度反击的止痛药，例如布洛芬或乙酰氨基酚，以缓解酸痛。如果这些药物没有提供救济，您的医生可能会规定麻醉止痛药。
手术后，您可能会发展hypothyroidism。If this occurs, your doctor will prescribe some form of levothyroxine to help bring your hormone levels into balance. It may take several adjustments and blood tests to find the best dosage for you.
与每一个重大手术一样，甲状腺手术携带对全面麻醉剂不利反应的风险。其他风险包括繁重的出血和感染。
特异性对甲状腺手术的风险很少发生。但是，两个最常见的风险是：
- damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerves (nerves connected to your vocal cords)
- 对甲状旁腺损伤（控制身体钙水平的腺体）
Supplements can treat low levels of calcium (hypocalcemia). Treatment should start as soon as possible. Notify your doctor if you feel nervous or jittery or if your muscles start twitching. These are signs of low calcium.
在含甲状腺切除术的所有患者中，只有少数群体会产生低钙血症。那些发展低钙血症的人，