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癌症分期是癌症诊断后发生的第一件事之一。暂存为您提供和您的医生概述了预期的内容，有助于确定最佳治疗方案。它还有助于通知正在进行的癌症研究。

分期涉及确定肿瘤大小以及癌症多远可能传播。分期的细节可以因不同类型的癌症而有所不同。

让我们更详细地了解癌症的阶段，如何确定，以及它对您的意义。

当您接受癌症的诊断时，您的医生将讨论的第一件事之一是分期。

Staging tells you how far the cancer may have progressed. This information is crucial in choosing the treatments that are most likely to be effective. Staging information can also help your doctor find临床试验for which you may be eligible.

Staging helps provide a general prognosis based on others who have been at the same stage at their diagnosis. Survival rate statistics are based on stage at diagnosis. However, your individual outlook is affected by a number of other factors that your doctor will discuss with you.

此外，癌症研究大量依赖于分期。记录癌症阶段允许研究人员评估和比较不同人群的结果。它还有助于他们为不同类型的癌症制定筛选和治疗指南。

For those reasons, it’s important to document the stage at diagnosis, whether it spreads later or not. For example, if you had stage 1breast cancer at diagnosis，它总是被称为诊断中的第1阶段，即使它初始诊断以来已经传播到遥远的器官。

Clinical vs. pathological stage

Your doctor may assign a clinical stage based on tests done before treatment starts. Surgery provides an opportunity to get more detailed information, such as whether cancer cells have been found in nearby lymph nodes. This can result in a pathological stage that differs from the initial clinical stage.

大多数癌症从0到4次上演，具有较高的代表最先进的疾病。请记住，这些是一般阶段。进展的细节可以根据癌症类型而变化。

在TNM系统中：

  • t代表肿瘤
  • n为节点
  • m for.转移

The TNM system is structured as follows:

Information from the TNM categories is then combined to get the overall stage. For example, ifpancreatic cancer是t1，n0，m0，它是阶段1。

对于某些类型的癌症，这些阶段也分为刻字子类别，例如阶段2B。通常，阶段代表：

肿瘤等级只能用活组织检查确定。它描述了癌细胞如何在显微镜下出现的描述。通常，与正常细胞密切类似的癌细胞趋于生长和慢慢扩散。癌细胞越异常，它们的成长和蔓延的速度越快。

肿瘤成绩分配如下：

Along with stage, tumor grade can help your doctor determine the best possible treatment.

Some cancers don’t have stages 0 to 4. For example, some types of leukemia may be referred to as eitheracute or chronic。

Mostbrain cancersaren’t staged because they don’t usually spread to the lymph nodes or elsewhere in the body.

At diagnosis, clinical staging may involve a variety of tests, depending on the type and location of cancer. This may include a physical examination and tests such as:

If surgery is performed, this can provide additional information about tumor size and the involvement of nearby lymph nodes. This may help your doctor understand the pathological stage.

诊断阶段有助于您的医生决定下一步应该是什么，以及整体治疗计划。例如，早期癌症可能只需要局部化治疗，例如手术和手术radiation therapy。

蔓延的癌症可能需要系统性治疗，例如化疗orimmunotherapy。

癌症的类型将决定是否具体激素疗法ortargeted cancer drugscan be used.

Most cancers are staged shortly after diagnosis. Staging can mean slightly different things depending on the cancer type, but cancer is typically staged from 0 to 4. The higher the number, the more advanced the cancer is.

Cancer staging serves several purposes. Cancer studies and clinical trials help determine which treatments are most likely to help based on cancer stage at diagnosis.Colon cancer例如，在阶段3点到不同的治疗方案，而不是阶段1。

其他个体因素涉及预后，但诊断癌症阶段提供了预期的一般概述。务必与你交谈oncologist关于癌症的阶段以及它如何影响您的治疗和前景。