What is a spiral fracture?
螺旋断裂，也称为扭转骨折，是一种完全断裂。它由于旋转或扭曲力而发生。
Complete fractures are categorized based on the way the bone breaks. Categories include:
- 横
- 斜
- longitudinal
- 熟练
- 螺旋
However, it always results in the bone being separated into two distinct pieces.
在螺旋裂缝中，骨折的骨头类似于开瓶器或蜿蜒的楼梯，因为断裂在对角线上发生在骨头上的骨头长于宽。
为了使骨头破裂，导致断裂的力通常被认为是高能量，这意味着它是由强力引起的。
螺旋断裂可以移位或稳定。在移位的断裂中，断裂处的骨骼部分不再正确排列。在稳定的裂缝中，骨骼的一部分几乎不合适。
The most common and obvious symptom of a spiral fracture is pain in the injured area. The type of pain depends on the severity of the injury. People have characterized the pain as dull, heavy, and agonizing.
也可能有：
- 骨刚度
- restricted range of motion
- swelling and redness
- tenderness
在开放裂缝的情况下 - 皮肤上有断裂的裂缝 - 除了出血外，您可能会看到锯齿状的骨头和骨骼碎片。
当您的身体保持运动时，将一个肢体（例如脚）种植时，可能会发生螺旋骨折。这些通常是运动伤害或从短距离掉下来的结果。虽然螺旋骨折可能发生在任何长骨中，但最常见于胫骨。
When these fractures occur in preschool-age children, they are referred to as toddler’s fractures. Toddler’s fractures are a common sign of physical abuse because they are a result of jerking or forceful twisting of a limb.Greenstick fractures are another common type of fracture that happen in children, because of how soft their bones are.
这些骨骼中最有可能发生螺旋骨折：
- 胫骨,胫骨
- fibula, or the short bone in your calf that is parallel to the tibia
- 距离，位于胫骨和腓骨之间的脚踝
- femur, or thighbone
- 肱骨或上臂中的骨头
- 手指骨头
In the case of a spiral fracture, it’s important that you tell your doctor exactly how the injury happened, as this can help them pinpoint the type of fracture you have.
Your doctor will perform a full physical exam, focusing on the affected area. They will check for obvious irregularities by both looking at and feeling the limb, such as:
- 皮肤中断
- 瘀血
- tenderness
- instability
If your doctor thinks it’s necessary, you will then undergo X-rays and a CT scan.
X-rays can confirm that the bone is broken and show if the break is displaced or stable. CT scans can show your doctor if there is damage in nearby joints and provide additional information about the fracture.
由于发生螺旋断裂的方式，因此产生的断骨通常具有锯齿状的边缘。这会使康复过程复杂化。损伤也可能导致分离的骨骼碎片，从而使治疗变得更加困难。由于这些原因，治疗将取决于断裂的严重程度以及骨骼是否位移还是稳定。
Treatment for a stable spiral fracture
If the spiral fracture is stable, treatment will usually involve keeping the bone immobilized with a cast for a period of four to six weeks. A stable fracture is generally more common in children.
Treatment for a displaced spiral fracture
由于锯齿状的骨骼表征了流离失所的螺旋骨折，因此治疗通常需要手术。
Your doctor will perform what is known as an open reduction surgery. In this procedure, you are put under general anesthesia. Next, your doctor opens up the affected area to set the parts of the bone in place.
During the operation, your doctor continues to assess the severity of the injury. For example, if there is damage to the surrounding muscles or blood vessels, your doctor also evaluates and treat these injuries. Your doctor then realigns the broken bone and sets it in place with either rods, pins, or screws, all of which can be permanent or temporary.
从手术中恢复
After an open reduction surgery, a cast is usually applied to the limb. It will be removed after a period of a few weeks.
特别是在手术的情况下，康复可能会很痛苦。布洛芬（Advil）和其他非甾体类抗炎药已证明可以减慢愈合过程。结果，使用可待因的对乙酰氨基酚更常见。
物理疗法可能是治愈骨折的另一个重要部分。由于佩戴铸件，您可能会失去一些力量和运动范围。您可以通过运动和其他各种治疗方法将它们重新获得受影响的肢体。
骨骼的生长非常缓慢，因此许多螺旋骨折需要大约四到六个月才能治愈。及时治疗对于适当的康复很重要。如果您怀疑自己有螺旋骨折，请立即去看医生以进行评估。