Self-actualization can mean a lot of things depending who you ask.
最广泛接受的定义之一来自人文心理学家亚伯拉罕·马斯洛(Abraham Maslow)。他将自动化描述为成为“您能够成为一切的一切”的过程。
Kim Egel, a San Diego therapist, similarly explains it as the “ability to become the best version of yourself.”
It all sounds great — but how do you actually become this best version of yourself? And how will you know you’ve achieved it?
“There’s no script for that,” Egel adds. “Everyone has to find their own unique ways to hear the inner wisdom that can help them live a life of truth.”
Only you can determine what self-actualization means for you, but we’ve got the info to help you get the ball rolling and make the process feel less daunting.
关于自我实现的许多讨论是指马斯洛的需求层次结构。他认为,人们需要满足四种基本需求,然后才能满足自我实现的第五个需求。
He organized these needs into a pyramid:
- 最低阶段包含最基本的需求,例如食物,水和庇护所。
- 第二阶段代表安全需求。
- 第三个包括归属或关系需求。
- The fourth stage involves respect or esteem needs, both from the self and others.
- The fifth stage, or the tip of the pyramid, is self-actualization.
尽管这种金字塔模型可以为自我实现的道路提供一些一般指导,但它有一些局限性。例如,许多人缺乏足够的食物和庇护所,同时仍然享受和维持牢固的人际关系并尊重他人。
当您探索自我实现时,马斯洛的需求层次结构是一件好事,但这并不是唯一的方法来处理事物。
同样,自我实现对不同的人意味着很多事情。削减一些歧义,考虑什么自我实现可能会有所帮助不是.
Self-actualization doesn’t involve perfection or things always going smoothly. You can become self-actualized and still face difficulties.
实际上,自我实现的很大一部分是认识到您的局限性,除了关注自己的独特优势 - 无论是涉及实际技能,育儿,艺术才能还是情感见解。雷竞技ray
从那里开始,您将以最好的方式过上自己的优势,同时采取措施实现大小的梦想。
例如,说您梦想成为流行歌手。您喜欢音乐,但不能真正带有音乐。最终,您发现自己很擅长弹吉他并以这种方式制作音乐。
You practice, develop this skill, and continue improving over time. Maybe you never become a pop singer, but you live out your need to make music in a different way.
现在,我们已经确定了自我实现的基本定义(也不是),现在是时候涉足自己真正含义的最佳版本的时候了。
There are a range of characteristics that tend to be associated with self-actualization.
请记住,可以在不实现所有特征的情况下实现它,就像在达到自我实现点之前同样有可能具有这些特征。
一般来说,自我实现的人:
- 独立生活。他们不会围绕他人的意见构建生活。他们似乎不会被社会反馈所震撼。他们也对孤独and don’t always need company.
- 对现实和真理有一种理解。他们似乎更扎根,并与实际的可能性保持联系,并且有更轻松的时间来检测他人的虚假性。
- Are comfortable with the unknown.他们不介意不知道未来的情况。
- Have compassion, kindness, and acceptance.这既是对自己,也是他们遇到的其他人。
- Have a good-natured sense of humor.当他们犯错误并帮助他人在具有挑战性的情况下看到幽默时,他们会嘲笑自己。
- Enjoy meaningful friendships.They tend to build long-lasting关系有几个人,而不是与许多人的休闲友谊。
- Have a sense of spontaneity.他们更自然地生活,而不是以一种僵化的方式生活,不怕遵循当下发生的事情而不是坚持常规。
- Are creative.Creativity doesn’t just refer to artistic abilities. Some self-actualized people might have a knack for looking at problems in new ways or thinking along different lines than other people do. They may simply lack inhibition, another characteristic of a spontaneous nature.
- 享受高峰经历。A peak experience describes a moment of euphoria, wonder, and joy, often characterized by a sense of feeling connected to the universe. They might seem like eye-opening moments, where deeper meanings suddenly become clear. They aren’t necessarily spiritual, though.
- 专注于比自己更大的事情。他们倾向于看到大局,而不仅仅是考虑自己的生活,而是将自己的生活献给了使命,事业或更深层次的目标。
- Stop and smell the roses.They appreciate each positive or joyful moment — a sunrise, a partner’s kiss, a child’s laugh — as if it were the first, no matter how many times they’ve already experienced it.
- 有一种正义感。他们对所有人都有同情和关怀,并努力防止不公正或不道德行为。
- 拥有Gemeinschaftsgefühl或“社交感觉”。阿尔弗雷德·阿德勒(Alfred Adler)创造的这个词描述了对其他人类的普遍福祉的兴趣和关注。
如果所有这些都无法实现,请记住,自我实现是一个过程,而不是最终游戏。没有一个点“应该”最终进入旅程。
埃格尔说:“从治疗师的角度来看,自我实现是一项持续的工作。”“在我们的人类中,我们永远不会完全保持不变。”
自我实现是一个令人钦佩的目标。如果您以目的和真实性过着自己的生活,并表现出对他人的关注,那么您将走上正确的道路。
These tips can serve as additional guideposts along your way.
Practice acceptance
Learning to accept what comes — as it comes — can help you achieve self-actualization.
这可能意味着您在遇到的情况下处理情况,例如计划户外活动的雨天,而不是希望事情以不同的方式发生。
这也可能意味着您更自在地接受生活中的未知数。或者,也许这意味着您尝试避免以更现实的方式思考和看待事物。
Acceptance also refers to human experience. It’s not always easy to like people who behave in unkind orproblematic方法。但是,您仍然可以通过认识到每个人都有自己的环境要应对,仍然可以扩大同情心。
请记住:接受某人并不意味着您必须花时间与他们在一起。
Live spontaneously
To live with spontaneity, try enjoying each moment as it comes, without trying to worry about what you should do.
坚持自己所知道的东西可能很容易安全,但是要战斗这种冲动。抓住机会(在理性之内),并愿意尝试新事物。
回想您年轻的年份可以帮助您利用内在的自发性。也许您曾经沿着山丘滚去,而不是沿着人行道行走。或者您在后院扔了即兴的野餐,因为为什么不呢?
Spontaneity can be as simple as taking a different route home or trying a food you’d never considered before. Your heart can be a great guide, so pay attention to any gut instincts you feel.
对自己的公司感到满意
您与朋友,家人和浪漫伴侣的关系在您的生活中起着重要的作用。但是,培养与自己的关系同样重要。
Pretty much everyone benefits from some occasional “me time。”有些人可能比其他人更多或更少。您如何度过这段时间可能比从中获得的要小。
自我实现的人通常感到平静和peace on their own, so aim to reconnect with yourself until you look forward to your moments alone as much as (or more than) the time you spend with others.
欣赏生活中的小事
This sounds like a cliche, but it’s a key step to self-actualization. Take time to appreciate aspects of your day-to-day life that often go ignored in the busyness of living.
想想这样的事情:
- 一顿美味的饭
- 从你的宠物那里拥抱
- 好天气
- a job you enjoy
Live authentically
这个短语被扔了很多,但是这是什么意思?真实的生活涉及尊重您的真理,并避免不诚实,操纵或拒绝您的需求之类的事情。
这可能意味着不必担心别人对您的看法。
您没有按照别人的言论或建议您应该做的事情生活,而是遵循从个人经验中获得的见解,并根据自己的内心指导生活。
You’re also honest with yourself about yourneedsand desires. You respect the rights and needs of others, of course, but you work to achieve your goals as only you can. You work to maximizeyour潜力,不是别人的。
发展同情心
自我实现的人对其他生物有深刻的感觉。他们的同情心超越了他们的直接社交圈,以及他们在日常生活中对人类和整个世界的认识的人。
与其他人相比,同情更容易。
如果您努力了解与您截然不同的人,请尝试更多地了解通过阅读书籍或消费来自不同背景的人产生的其他媒体的人。
Looking for more ways to build compassion? Try:
- volunteering for charitable organizations or human interest projects
- exploring ways to improve your community
- 计算碳足迹并采取步骤进行改进
Talk to a therapist
Therapy can help you take steps toward any of your goals, and self-actualization is no exception. Plus, you don’t need to be facing a mental health issue to seek therapy.
Wanting to develop compassion, spontaneity, and authenticity are totally acceptable reasons to seek therapy.
在治疗中,您还可以从一般术语中了解更多有关自我实现的信息,因为该概念很难掌握。
谈话治疗,大多数人就叫“治疗,” is actually one type ofhumanistic therapy(which Maslow helped develop).
If you’d like to dig a little deeper into spirituality or existential topics, though, consider exploring more specialized approaches like transpersonal therapy or existential therapy.
致力于自我实现的过程会感到压倒性。尽量不要在做所有“正确”的事情或坚持不可能的高标准时陷入困境。
就其价值而言,马斯洛认为真正的自我实现非常罕见。埃格尔同意,问道:“您知道有多少人100%忠于自己?”
另外,过去的挑战或现在的生活环境可以使成长,自我反省和真实性之类的事情更加困难。
最后,知道即使是最自我实现的人,仍然有成长的空间。
“Growth never ends until the journey of life is complete,” Egel says. “Reaching a point of self-actualization has to be maintained, just as a level of peak fitness must be maintained by consistent healthy habits and behaviors.”
认识到这种持续增长的需求也是自我实现的一部分。
Self-actualization isn’t a one-size-fits-all goal. No two people are exactly alike, so everyone will probably have a slightly different path.
It’s also not something you can accomplish in a weekend.
真正的自我实现可能更像是长期(甚至一生)的目标,而不是一条快速的自我完善之路。也就是说,努力最大程度地发挥自己的潜力并成为最好的自我,是过上更充实生活的好方法。
因此,尽管自我实现似乎有些不知所措,但不要让您阻止您。每天都要付出敞开的态度。
Crystal Raypole以前曾担任GoodTherapy的作家和编辑。她感兴趣的领域包括亚洲语言和文学,日语翻译,烹饪,自然科学,性积极性和心理健康。特别是,她致力于帮助减少有关心理健康问题的污名。