什么是唾液腺感染？
A salivary gland infection occurs when a bacterial or viral infection affects your salivary gland or duct. The infection can result from reduced saliva flow, which can be due to a blockage or inflammation of your salivary duct. The condition is called sialadenitis.
唾液艾滋病digestion, breaks down food, and works to keep your mouth clean. It washes away bacteria and food particles. It also helps control the amount of good and bad bacteria in your mouth. Fewer bacteria and food particles are washed away when saliva doesn’t freely travel throughout your mouth. This may lead to infection.
You have three pairs of large (major) salivary glands. They’re located on each side of your face. Parotid glands, which are the largest, are inside each cheek. They sit above your jaw in front of your ears. When one or more of these glands is infected, it’s called parotitis.
唾液腺感染通常由细菌感染引起。葡萄球菌金黄色葡萄球菌是唾液腺感染最常见的原因。其他唾液腺感染的原因包括：
- 链球菌viridans.
- Haemophilus influenzae
- 链球菌Pyogenes
- Escherichia coli
These infections result from reduced saliva production. This is often caused by the blockage or inflammation of the salivary gland duct. Viruses and other medical conditions can also reduce saliva production, including:
- mumps, a contagious viral infection that’s common among children who haven’t beenimmunized
- 艾滋病病毒
- influenza A和Parainfluenza.types I and II
- herpes
- 唾液石头
- 由粘液堵塞的唾液管
- 一个肿瘤
- sjogren的综合症，一种导致口干的自身免疫条件
- 结节病, a condition in which patches of inflammation occur throughout the body
- dehydration
- 营养不良
- radiation cancer treatment颈部
- inadequate oral hygiene
以下因素可以让您更容易受到唾液腺感染的影响：
- 超过65岁
- having inadequate oral hygiene
- not being immunized against mumps
以下慢性疾病也可以增加您开发感染的风险：
- 艾滋病病毒
- AIDS
- sjogren的综合症
- 糖尿病
- 营养不良
- alcoholism
- bulimia
- Xerostomia, or dry mouth syndrome
以下症状列表可能表示唾液腺感染。您应该咨询医生进行准确的诊断。唾液腺感染的症状可以模仿其他条件的症状。症状包括：
- 恒定的异常或嘴里的味道
- inability to fully open your mouth
- 打开口腔或进食时不适或疼痛
- 脓在你的嘴里
- dry mouth
- 嘴里疼痛
- face pain
- redness or swelling over your jaw in front of your ears, below your jaw, or on the bottom of your mouth
- 你的脸肿胀要么neck
- signs of infection, such as发热要么寒冷
立即联系您的医生，如果您有唾液腺感染并经历高烧，麻烦或呼吸困难或swallowing，或恶化症状。您的症状可能需要紧急治疗。
Salivary gland infection complications are uncommon. If a salivary gland infection is left untreated, pus can collect and form an abscess in the salivary gland.
A salivary gland infection caused by abenign tumor可能导致腺体的扩大。恶性（cancerous）肿瘤可以快速生长并导致脸部受影响的侧面的运动失去。这可能会损害部分或所有区域。
在耳机再次发生的情况下，颈部的严重肿胀可以破坏受影响的腺体。
You may also have complications if the initial bacterial infection spreads from the salivary gland to other parts of the body. This can include a bacterial skin infection called蜂窝织炎要么Ludwig’s angina, which is a form of cellulitis that occurs in the bottom of the mouth.
Your doctor can diagnose a salivary gland infection with a visual exam. Pus or pain at the affected gland can indicate a bacterial infection.
If your doctor suspects a salivary gland infection, you may have additional testing to confirm the diagnosis and determine the underlying cause. The following imaging tests can be used to further analyze a salivary gland infection caused by an abscess, salivary stone, or tumor:
Your doctor may also perform a活检受影响的唾液腺和导管用于测试组织或液体用于细菌或病毒。
治疗depends on the severity of the infection, the underlying cause, and any additional symptoms you have, such as swelling or pain.
Antibiotics may be used to treat a bacterial infection, pus, or fever. A fine needle aspiration may be used to drain an abscess.
家庭护理包括：
- drinking 8 to 10 glasses of water daily with lemon to stimulate saliva and keep glands clear
- 按摩受影响的腺体
- 将温热的压缩施加到受影响的腺体上
- 用温暖的盐水冲洗口腔
- 吸吮酸柠檬或无糖柠檬糖，鼓励唾液流量，减少肿胀
大多数唾液腺感染不需要手术。然而，在慢性或经常性感染的情况下可能是必要的。虽然罕见，外科治疗可能涉及去除部分或全部腮腺唾液腺或去除颌下唾液腺。