What are salivary gland disorders?
Your salivary glands produce saliva, which keeps your mouth moist, helps protect your teeth from rapid decay, and helps you to digest your food. The salivary glands are relatively small, and they’re around the inner linings of your mouth, lips, and cheeks.
许多疾病会影响您的唾液腺。这些范围从癌性肿瘤到Sjögren’s syndrome。尽管某些疾病随时间或抗生素消失，但其他疾病需要更严重的治疗，包括手术。
您有三个配对的唾液腺，称为腮腺，下颌和舌下腺体。他们负责生产唾液。阻塞的唾液腺是最常见的问题根源。这些阻塞的腺体会导致疼痛的症状。
唾液石症和唾液酸炎
唾液石症和唾液酸炎can occur in the salivary glands:
- 当唾液腺中的钙形式制成的结石时，会发生唾液石症。这些石头可以阻塞腺体，并且可以部分或完全停止唾液的流动。
- 涎腺炎(或sialoadenitis)是一种感染volving a salivary gland. It often results from stones blocking the gland.葡萄球菌or链球菌bacteria can cause this infection. Older adults and infants are most likely to develop this condition.
Sjögren’s syndrome
Sjögren综合征是另一种常见的唾液腺疾病。它发生在白细胞靶向健康腺体中的健康细胞（例如唾液，汗水和油腺）中。这种状况最常见地影响女性autoimmune disorders， 如lupus。
病毒
病毒也会影响唾液腺。这些包括：
Cancerous and noncancerous tumors
Cancerous and noncancerous tumors may develop in the salivary glands as well. Cancerous tumors of the salivary glands are rare. When they do occur, it’s typically in 50- to 60-year-olds, according to雪松西奈。
Noncancerous tumors that can affect the parotid glands include pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin’s tumors. Benign pleomorphic adenomas can also grow in the submandibular gland and the minor salivary glands, but this is rare.
唾液石症的症状包括：
- 舌头下疼痛的肿块
- 进食时会增加疼痛
Sialadenitis symptoms include:
- 在脸颊或下巴下肿块
- pus that drains into your mouth
- strong or foul-smelling pus
- 发烧
在唾液腺中生长的囊肿可能引起：
- 囊肿破裂时排干的黄色粘液
- difficulty eating
- difficulty speaking
- 吞咽困难
唾液腺中的病毒感染，例如腮腺炎，可能引起：
- 发烧
- muscle aches
- joint pain
- 脸两侧肿胀
- headache
Sjögren综合征的症状包括：
- dry mouth
- 干眼睛
- 蛀牙
- sores in the mouth
- joint pain or swelling
- 干咳
- unexplained fatigue
- 唾液腺肿胀
- frequentsalivary gland infections
If you have糖尿病oralcoholism, you may also have swelling in the salivary glands.
If you notice the following symptoms, see your doctor:
- a bad taste in your mouth
- dry mouth
- 嘴巴疼痛
- 面部肿胀
- trouble opening your mouth
Your doctor will recommend testing based on your medical history and a physical exam.
从历史和身体检查中，有些情况很明显。在这种情况下，可能不需要诊断测试。
您的医生可能希望看到阻塞以诊断唾液腺阻塞。服用牙科X射线of the affected area can help to pinpoint the obstruction. A head and neck surgeon can then use anesthesia to numb the salivary gland opening and free any blockage.
如果您的医生需要精心针对唾液腺，则是MRI或CT扫描可以提供更多深入的图像。
此外，去除唾液腺组织的活检可以帮助诊断，特别是如果您的医生怀疑您可能患有自身免疫性疾病，会影响您的唾液腺。
Treatment for salivary gland disorders depends on the disease type and how advanced it is.
For example, if you have a mass in your salivary gland, your doctor may recommend surgery to remove the mass or the gland itself. If the mass is cancerous, you may need辐射处理to kill off cancerous cells.
These treatments won’t typically start until your body has had time to heal. This is typically four to six weeks after surgery.
Radiation treatments to the neck can cause dry mouth, which can be uncomfortable and affect your digestion. Your doctor may recommend drinking more fluids and avoiding foods high in sodium.
If the salivary gland mass isn’t cancerous, radiation may not be required. A mass that doesn’t cause symptoms may be treated with conservative measures. This includes special mouthwashes to relieve dry mouth.
You can also keep your mouth moist by rinsing with a mixture of 1/2 teaspoon of salt in 1 cup of water.
Antibiotics can treat bacterial infections.
Taking good care of your teeth is vital to successful salivary gland treatment. Brushing and flossing your teeth at least twice a day can help prevent salivary gland disorders and tooth decay.
