Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum, the thin layer of tissue covering the inside of your abdomen and most of its organs.
炎症通常是真菌或细菌感染的结果。感染可能是由腹部损伤，潜在的医疗条件或治疗装置引起的，例如透析导管或进料管。
Types of peritonitis include:
- spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)
- 二次腹膜炎
- 无菌（或无菌）腹膜炎
SBP is the result of an infection of the fluid in your peritoneal cavity. Secondary peritonitis is usually due to an infection that’s spread from your digestive tract.
无菌腹膜炎与感染无关。
腹膜炎是一种严重的条件，需要立即进行医疗。如果它没有及时治疗，感染可以蔓延和成为危及的危及。
Symptoms will vary depending on the underlying cause of your infection. Common symptoms of peritonitis include:
- tenderness in your abdomen
- pain in your abdomenthat gets more intense with motion or touch
- abdominalbloating要么截止
- nausea and vomiting
- 腹泻
- 便秘或者无法通过气体
- 最小的尿产输出
- anorexia, or loss of appetite
- excessive thirst
- 疲劳
- 发热和寒冷
If you’re onperitoneal dialysis，您的透析液可能会出现多云或有白色的斑点或丛。你也可能注意到你的发红或感到痛苦catheter。
Kidney要么肝failure can cause SBP. People on peritoneal dialysis for kidney failure are also at increased risk for SBP.
以下条件可能导致腹膜炎：
- an abdominal wound, such as asurgical wound
- an abdominal injury
- a ruptured appendix
- 胃溃疡
- a perforated colon
- 憩室炎
- pancreatitis
- 肝病, such ascirrhosis of the liver
- 感染gallbladder, intestines, orbloodstream
- pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- Crohn’s disease
- invasive medical procedures, including treatment for kidney failure, surgery, or the use of a喂料管
The first step in treating peritonitis is determining its underlying cause.
治疗通常涉及medication for pain。迅速的静脉注射（IV）抗生素are needed to treat a bacterial infection.
如果你有肠道感染，一个腹部脓肿或者阑尾破裂，您可能需要手术以去除受感染的组织。
如果您在肾脏透析并具有腹膜炎，您可能需要等到感染清除以获得更多透析。如果感染继续，您可能需要切换到不同类型的透析。
Your treatment must begin promptly to avoid serious and potentially fatal complications.
If you have symptoms of peritonitis, seek medical attention right away. Delaying your treatment could put your life at risk.
A doctor will ask you about your medical history and perform a complete体检。This will include touching or pressing on your abdomen, which will probably cause some discomfort.
其他几次测试可以帮助医生诊断腹膜炎：
- 血液测试。A blood test, called a完全血统（CBC）, can measure your白细胞（WBC）和red blood cell (RBC)count. A high WBC count usually signals inflammation or infection. A low RBC count may indicate intra-abdominal bleeding. Ablood culturecan help to identify the bacteria causing the infection or inflammation.
- 成像测试。Imaging tests, such asCT扫描和X-rays, can show any perforations or holes in your peritoneum.
- 流体分析。If you have a buildup offluid in your abdomen, a doctor can use a needle to remove some and send it to a laboratory for fluid analysis.培养流体can also help them identify bacteria.
如果您在透析，医生可以根据阴天透析液的出现诊断腹膜炎。
如果它没有及时治疗，感染可能会进入血液，导致shock对你的其他器官造成损坏。这可能是致命的。
The potential complications of SBP include:
- 肝性脑病，这是肝脏损失的脑功能，当肝脏不再从血液中去除有毒物质时
- Hepatorenal综合征, which is progressive kidney failure in people with advanced liver disease
- 败血症, which is a severe reaction that occurs when the bloodstream becomes overwhelmed by infectious agents
继发性腹膜炎的潜在并发症包括：
- an intra-abdominal abscess
- Gangrenous肠道，这是死肠组织
- 腹膜内粘连，是加入腹部器官的纤维组织带，可以引起肠堵塞
- septic shock, which is characterized by dangerously low blood pressure
In many cases, you may be able to prevent peritonitis by taking steps to prevent the infections or conditions that can lead to it.
如果你正在透析：
- 洗手和指甲before touching your catheter
- clean the skin around the catheter daily
- 遵循您的医生关于您的医疗用品的护理和存储的说明
If you have severe abdominal pain or an abdominal injury, such as aknife wound，采取以下行动之一：
- see a doctor
- 去急诊室
- call 911 or your local emergency services
您还可以考虑：
- seeking help foralcohol use disorder，如果你担心你的酒精摄入量要么are at risk for cirrhosis
- using避孕套要么otherbarrier methodsto avoid contracting the sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that can lead to PID
- 限制您对与胃溃疡相关的非甾体抗炎药（NSAID）的使用
- 如果你有的话要提示治疗symptoms of appendicitis要么a diagnosed case ofappendicitis
如果您有腹膜炎，您的前景将取决于您感染的原因，并且在治疗开始前进展了多远。药物和手术通常能够治疗感染。
If treatment doesn’t begin early, the infection can spread. If other organs are damaged, your recovery will depend on your overall health and how much damage was done.