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It might sound a little clinical, but object permanence is just one of many important developmental milestones you get to enjoy with your little one. In a nutshell, object permanence means your baby understands that things they can’t see — you, their cup, a pet — still exist.

如果你在玩一个非常年轻的宝宝时隐藏一个喜欢的玩具，会发生什么？它们似乎似乎简单困惑或沮丧，但随后迅速放弃寻找它。这是完全“看不见，心不在焉”。

Once your baby has grasped object permanence, though, they’ll probably look for the toy or try to get it back — or even loudly voice their displeasure at its disappearance. That’s because they know the toy still exists!

物体永久的发展有助于您的宝宝达到更多可爱的里程碑，包括：

  • memory development
  • exploration
  • 假装打
  • 语言习得

It can also affect how your baby reacts when you leave the room — sudden tears or a pterodactyl shriek sound familiar? — even if it’s just for a quick bathroom trip.

This separation anxiety is also a normal part of development. Playing certain games (like peekaboo) with your baby can help them learn that yes, you’redefinitelycoming back, just like you always have before.

Let’s take a closer look at how you can help your little as they develop the idea of object permanence and work through separation anxiety.

Once babies can recognize faces (around 2 months of age) and familiar objects (around 3 months), they begin to understand the existence of these objects.

然后他们可以开始寻找你隐藏的玩具，玩得开心露出或打开东西，并在像Peekaboo这样的游戏期间闪光。

Jean Piaget, a child psychologist and researcher who pioneered the concept of object permanence, suggested that this skill doesn’t develop until a baby is about 8 months old. But it’s now generally agreed that babies begin understanding object permanence earlier — somewhere between 4 and 7 months.

It’ll take your baby some time to fully develop this concept. They might go after a hidden toy one day and seem completely uninterested the next day. This is fairly common, so don’t worry!

物体永久性的概念来自Piaget’s theory of cognitive development。Piaget believed the following:

  • Children can learn by themselves, without help from adults or other children.
  • 孩子们不需要奖励或外部动力来学习新事物。
  • Children use their experiences to develop their knowledge of the world.

From his work with children, he created a stage-based theory of development. Object permanence is a major milestone in the first of four stages —传感器阶段。这个阶段是出生之间的时期nd age 2.

During this stage, your baby learns to experiment and explore through movement and their senses, since they don’t yet understand symbols or abstract thought.

This means a lot of photo-worthy blundering about, falling down, grabbing and throwing all those toys you just picked up, and putting every single thing they can find into their mouths. But it’s OK, because this is exactly how babies learn. (And it’s exactly the stuff that makes grandmas smile, so be ready to capture these moments and share!)

正如我们已经所覆盖的那样，麦基相信了解对象持久性始于8个月左右。但很多婴儿早些时候开始获得这个想法。如果你的5个月大的已经抓住隐藏的玩具，你可能有第一手证明！

Some experts have批评other areas of Piaget’s research. He assumed developmental stages happened for all children at the same time. But scientific evidence now supports the idea that children develop on varied timelines.

Generally speaking, though, Piaget’s research has held up well over time, and his ideas on development still hold an important place in education and psychology.

Piaget and other researchers have helped show how object permanence works through a few different experiments.

One of Piaget’s first experiments involved hiding toys to see whether a baby would look for the toy. Piaget would show the toy to the baby and then cover it with a blanket.

寻找玩具的婴儿表明他们明白玩具仍然存在，当他们看不到它时仍然存在。似乎不高兴或困惑的婴儿尚未开发对象持久性。

皮卡和其他研究人员也使用了 “A not B” experiment to check for object permanence. He would show a baby a toy, then hide it under a box (A). After the baby found the toy under Box A a few times, he would hide the toy instead under a second box (B), making sure the baby could easily reach both boxes.

Babies who looked under Box A for the toy showed they couldn’t yet use abstract reasoning skills to understand the toy was in a new place.

之后research帮助人们实现对象持久性可以在8个月之前发展。研究人员与只有5个月大的婴儿一起工作，向他们展示一个在弧形中移动的屏幕。

一旦婴儿习惯了看屏幕的运动，研究人员就会在屏幕后面放一个盒子。然后他们向婴儿展示了“可能的”事件，其中屏幕到达盒子并停止移动，以及一个“不可能的”事件，其中屏幕保持穿过盒子占据的空间。

婴儿往往会在更长的一段时间内看待不可能的事件。这表明婴儿意识到：

  • solid objects can’t pass through each other
  • objects exist even if they aren’t visible

所以没有错误：你的宝宝已经有点爱因斯坦。

Some signs of object permanence in your baby can be fun and exciting, such as watching them go straight for a toy you hid. Other signs… not as much.

分离焦虑也倾向于在同一时间随着物体持续发展，这可能会令人兴奋的时间略微令人兴奋。现在你的宝贝知道你仍然存在他们是否能看到你。

So when they can’t see you, they aren’t happy, and they’ll let you know that right away. So much for peeing in peace.

This can be frustrating at home, and it make it really tough to leave your baby at day care or with a sitter, even when you know they’ll be completely fine.

Your baby may also feel less comfortable around strangers at this point (“stranger anxiety”). This can make separation even more difficult — and stressful for you both.

但尽量不担心。这个阶段是暂时的，很快就足够了，你可以在你的歌单或跑到浴室的装载或跑到卫生间时安全地将它们安全地离开 - 而不必为那个不可避免的哀号支撑自己。

Playingwith your baby is a great way to help develop their understanding of object permanence. Another benefit? Object permanence games can help your baby get more used to the idea that even though you might go away for a bit, you’ll be back soon.

Peekaboo.

This classic game is great for your baby, but you can try different things to change it up.

  • Put a small, light blanket (or a clean towel) over your baby’s head to see how long it takes them to pull it off.
  • Try covering both your head and baby’s head to see if your little one finds you after removing their own blanket. Babies older than 10 months might have more success here!
  • Use one of your baby’s toys to play peek-a-boo by popping it up from behind different objects or pieces of furniture. Follow a pattern and see if your baby can begin to predict where the toy will appear next.

捉迷藏

  • 让你的宝宝看着你覆盖有几层毛巾或软布的玩具。鼓励宝宝继续去除层，直到他们找到玩具。
  • 对于一个较旧的宝宝，尝试在房间周围隐藏几个玩具。让他们看着你，然后鼓励他们找到所有玩具。
  • 隐藏自己！如果你的宝宝可以爬行或蹒跚，绕过一个角落或门后面并与他们交谈，鼓励他们来找你。

Your baby loves the sound of your voice, so make sure to talk to them throughout the games, encouraging them and cheering them on when they find objects. It also helps to keep talking when you leave the room. This lets them know you’re still nearby.

这是一款简单的木制玩具，可以帮助您的宝宝更多地了解对象持久性。它在顶部有一个孔，一侧托盘。它有一个小球。

To show your baby how to play with the box, drop the ball in the hole. Get excited and draw attention to the ball when it rolls out into the tray. Repeat this once or twice and then let your baby try!

这个玩具permanenc并不仅仅是帮助对象e. It’s also great for helping your baby develop their hand-eye coordination and memory skills. Many Montessori schools use it, and you can easily在线购买它to use at home.

如果你的宝宝在离开房间或快速抓住掉落的小吃和隐藏的玩具时，他们可能开始抓住这个对象持久的东西。

It’s a normal part of cognitive development that helps set your baby up for abstract reasoning and language as well as symbol acquisition.

You might start to see this in your baby when they’re just 4 or 5 months old, but don’t worry if it takes a little longer. Pretty soon, you won’t be able to pull the wool (or super soft 100 percent cotton blanket) over their eyes any longer!