概述

Everyone responds to pain differently. Mild pain doesn’t always require treatment, but most people seek relief for moderate to severe or unremitting pain.

如果天然或非处方疗法无法减轻您的痛苦，请与您的医生谈论处方药。可待因和氢可酮是疼痛的常见处方药。

While they can be quite effective in treating pain, these narcotic medications can easily be misused. Learn more about appropriate use and the differences between these pain medications.

可待因和氢可酮是阿片类药物。阿片类药物通过改变您对疼痛的看法来起作用。他们是最有效的止痛药。

Each is available with a prescription. Codeine and hydrocodone are prescribed for different types of pain. Codeine is typically used for mild to moderate pain, while hydrocodone is more potent and used for more severe pain.

可待因可立即释放口服片剂。它们具有15毫克，30毫克和60毫克的强度。您的医生通常会指示您根据需要每四个小时服用一次。

氢可酮也可以立即释放口服片剂，但仅在与对乙酰氨基酚混合时。这些片剂有2.5毫克，5毫克，7.5毫克和10毫克的氢可酮强度。通常，您每4至6小时根据需要服用一次平板电脑。

Learn more: Drug information for hydrocodone-acetaminophen »

但是，氢可酮本身仅在延长释放的口服片中可用。这些具有许多优势，范围从10毫克到120毫克。您每12小时服用的一些扩展释放片，有些您每24小时服用，具体取决于产品。较高的优势仅给那些长期服用氢可酮并且不再从较低的优势中救出的人提供了更高的优势。

对于任何一种药物，您的医生都可能以最低剂量开始您的剂量。然后，您的医生可以根据您的疼痛来调节力量和剂量。

服用可待因或氢可酮时，您可能会产生一些副作用。两种药物的常见副作用包括：

  • dizziness
  • drowsiness
  • constipation
  • 恶心和呕吐

Codeine may also cause:

  • 头晕
  • shortness of breath
  • sweating

另一方面，氢可酮也可能引起：

  • itching
  • 食欲不振

Most of these side effects will lessen with time. Side effects of both drugs are more likely or can be more intense in certain cases. These include if you are an older adult, if you have kidney or liver disease, or if you have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or other chronic diseases.

Codeine and hydrocodone are both very effective at relieving pain. Misuse of these drugs, including giving them to someone who isn’t prescribed them, can have dangerous consequences.

滥用

高剂量和过度使用任何一种药物都会引起其他副作用。它可以增加您尿retention留，感染和肝脏损害的风险。

由于过量使用和滥用的可能性,所有hydrocodone products were moved to a new category by the Food and Drug Administration in 2014. Instead of simply calling your hydrocodone prescription in to the pharmacist, your doctor must now give you a written prescription that you need to take to the pharmacy.

Withdrawal

Long-term use of codeine and hydrocodone can lead to dependence. You may experience temporary symptoms of withdrawal when you stop taking either medication, especially if you’ve used them for a long time. Tell your doctor right away if you havewithdrawal symptoms当您停止服用这两种药物时。

在儿童中

扩展释放氢可酮对儿童可能致命。即使服用一台平板电脑可能是致命的。Keep your prescription medications locked and away from children.

在开始服用任何一种药物之前，请告诉医生您服用的所有其他药物，包括维生素和补品。阿片类药物会影响您的中枢神经系统，因此将它们与其他减慢大脑的药物混合在一起是危险的。这些药物可能包括：

  • anticholinergic drugs, such as antihistamines or drugs used for urinary spasms
  • 肌肉放松剂
  • 镇静剂，镇静剂和安眠药
  • barbiturates
  • 毒药，例如卡马西平和苯妥英钠
  • 抗抑郁药
  • antipsychotic drugs
  • 酒精
  • other opioids

You can find a more detailed list of interactions for both drugs at the interactions for codeine and hydrocodone.

这些都是处方药，因此您的医生将根据您的症状和疼痛的原因来决定哪种药物最适合您。

可待因通常用于轻度至中度严重的疼痛。氢可酮更强，因此用于中度至中度剧烈疼痛。根据您的需求，您的医生可能会单独开出这些药物或与其他药物结合使用。