什么是骨感染（骨髓炎）？
A bone infection, also called osteomyelitis, can result when bacteria or fungi invade a bone.
In children, bone infections most commonly occur in the long bones of the arms and legs. In adults, they usually appear in the hips, spine, and feet.
Bone infections can happen suddenly or develop over a long period of time. If they’re not properly treated, bone infections can leave a bone permanently damaged.
Many organisms, most commonlyStaphylococcus aureus, travel through the bloodstream and can cause a bone infection. An infection may begin in one area of the body and spread to the bones via the blood stream.
侵入严重伤害的生物，深cut, or伤口can also cause infections in nearby bones. Bacteria can enter your system at asurgical site, such as the site of ahip replacement或者bone fracture repair. When your bone breaks, bacteria can invade the bone, leading to osteomyelitis.
The most common cause of bone infections isS. aureus细菌。这些细菌通常出现在皮肤上，但并不总是造成健康问题。然而，细菌可以抑制一个immune system这被疾病和疾病削弱了。这些细菌也会导致受伤区域的感染。
通常，出现的第一个症状是痛at the infection site. Other common symptoms are:
- fever和chills
- 发红in the infected area
- irritability或者一般都感到不适
- drainage from the area
- swelling在受影响的地区
- stiffness或者inability to use an affected limb
Your doctor may use several methods to diagnose your condition if you have any symptoms of a bone infection. They will perform a physical exam to check for swelling, pain, anddiscoloration. Your doctor may order lab and diagnostic tests to determine the exact location and extent of the infection.
它可能是您的医生将订购血液测试以检查导致感染的生物体。检查细菌的其他测试是throat swabs,urine cultures, and stool analyses. Thestool culture是一个example of a stool analysis.
Another possible test is abone scan, which reveals the cellular and metabolic activity in your bones. It uses a type of radioactive substance to highlight the bone tissue. If the bone scan doesn’t provide enough information, you may need an MRI scan. In some cases, abone biopsymay be necessary.
但是，一个简单的骨头X射线may be enough for your doctor to determine the treatment that’s right for you.
There are several options your doctor may use to treat your bone infection.
Antibiotics may be all that’s necessary to cure your bone infection. Your doctor may administer the antibiotics intravenously, or directly into your veins, if the infection is severe. You may need to take the antibiotics for up to six weeks.
Sometimes bone infections require surgery. If you have surgery, your surgeon will remove the infected bone and dead tissue and drain any abscesses, or pockets of pus.
If you have a prosthesis that’s causing the infection, your doctor may remove and replace it with a new one. Your doctor will also remove any dead tissue near or surrounding the infected area.
There are a few conditions and circumstances that can increase your chances of osteomyelitis, such as:
- diabetic影响血管血液供应的障碍
- 静脉注射药物用途
- 血液透析，这是用于肾病的治疗方法
- 创伤到骨骼周围的组织
- artificial joints or hardware that has become infected
- sickle cell disease
- peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
- 抽烟
彻底清洗并清洁皮肤中的任何切口或打开伤口。如果伤口/切割看起来不像家庭治疗愈合，请立即与您的医生联系以进行检查。在放置假体之前清洁和干燥截肢部位。此外，使用适当的鞋类和保护设备，避免跳跃，跑步或参与体育运动时受伤。
Most cases of osteomyelitis are treatable. Chronic infections of the bone, however, may take longer to treat and heal, especially if they require surgery. Treatment should be aggressive because an amputation can become necessary sometimes. The outlook for this condition is good if the infection is treated early.