肾凋亡是一个人站立时，一个或两个肾脏在其在腹部的正确位置低约5厘米。

The kidneys are a set of bean-shaped organs responsible for filtering waste from the blood and producing urine in the body. They’re located in the abdomen on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Nephroptosis may also be called floating kidney, wandering kidney, or renal ptosis.

Most people with nephroptosis don’t experience any symptoms and don’t require any treatment. People with severe cases might need a surgery called laparoscopic nephropexy to fasten the kidney in its proper place. However, most cases of nephroptosis don’t require medical care.

大多数肾凋亡的人根本没有症状。在某些人中，站立时会出现症状，并且躺下时常常会松了一口气。这些症状包括：

  • 辐射到腹股沟的锋利的一面（侧面）疼痛
  • nausea
  • 呕吐
  • high blood pressure
  • an abdominal mass when standing upright
  • a weighing feeling in the abdomen
  • hematuria (尿液中的血）
  • 蛋白尿（尿液中过量蛋白质）
  • 重复的历史尿路感染（UTI）

大致 70 percent of cases of nephroptosis affect the right kidney, 10 percent affect only the left kidney, and 20 percent affect both kidneys.

Nephroptosis is a congenital condition, which means you are born with it. Like other organs, the kidneys are relatively mobile. They can shift a couple of centimeters without problems.

然而，在肾脏吞噬作用中，当有人从躺着到站立时，肾脏或肾脏会降低5厘米。确切的原因尚未得到很好的理解。

It’s believed that the movement of the kidney is related to insufficient support from certain structures or the connective tissue surrounding the kidneys.

Nephroptosis is more common in females, especially those in smaller bodies. It’s estimated to occur in up to 20 percent of women. However, since 80 to 90 percent of people with nephroptosis don’t have any symptoms, exact numbers aren’t known.

肾凋亡不被认为是有害状况。仅建议有症状的人进行治疗。

在过去,体重增加,频繁的躺着,abdominal corsets or bandages, and abdominal exercise were recommended to help treat symptoms. Unfortunately, these treatments have shown little success in managing symptoms. They are no longer recommended.

现在，用一种称为腹腔镜肾上腺素的手术治疗肾凋亡。仔细考虑手术的风险很重要。在此过程中，浮动肾脏处于正确的位置。

腹腔镜肾上腺素是一种微创的现代治疗。它是在全身麻醉下完成的。该程序通常需要45分钟，需要住院2至4天。

One 2007 study评估了腹腔镜肾上腺素的短期和长期有效性。一些人报告说，疼痛的减少，UTI的减少以及手术后的生活质量的总体改善。研究期间没有重大并发症。

过去，肾上腺素是一个有争议的程序。它通常是无效的，并带有高死亡风险。这些问题可能是由于诊断不正确而引起的，并且因为它是作为开放手术而进行的。该程序是如此无效，以至于一段时间以来，泌尿科医生几乎完全放弃了它。

The modern version of the procedure is much safer because it’s done laparoscopically. This means the procedure is performed through small incisions with the aid of a camera. Advancements in diagnosis and surgical methodology have also made the surgery much more effective.

有些症状性肾凋亡的人可能会经历一种称为Dietl危机的综合征。在Dietl危机中，漂浮的肾脏阻塞了输尿管，输尿管是从肾脏通往膀胱的狭窄管。

This can result in:

  • 剧烈的侧面疼痛
  • nausea
  • 发冷
  • tachycardia（快速心率）
  • low urine output
  • 血尿（尿液中的血液）
  • 蛋白尿（尿液中过量蛋白质）
  • an enlarged, tender kidney

Dietl crisis is usually resolved by lying down and bringing the knees up into the chest.

肾凋亡的人也可能经常出现UTI。UTI是尿道，膀胱或肾脏的感染，通常是由细菌引起的。尿道或膀胱中UTI的症状包括：

  • 用排尿燃烧
  • 排尿频率增加
  • 血腥或多云的尿液

When the kidneys are involved, UTIs can be life threatening. Symptoms of UTIs involving the kidneys include:

  • pain and tenderness in the upper back and sides
  • 发冷
  • 发烧
  • nausea
  • 呕吐

大多数肾凋亡的人没有任何症状，这种情况是无害的。在这些情况下，不建议治疗。

在有症状的人中，手术通常是缓解症状的唯一有效治疗方法。过去，肾凋亡手术的死亡率很高。现代手术程序是安全有效的。如果您怀疑自己患有肾凋亡症状，请与您的医生交谈。