修改疾病的疗法（DMT）可能是管理多发性硬化症（MS）的重要组成部分。它们可以防止爆发，延迟或防止MS发展到更高级类型。
Many different DMTs are available, so it might be confusing to try and keep them all straight.
DMTs vary when it comes to how often you take them. They can be:
- daily medications
- taken a few times per week or month
- taken even less often
The frequency depends on the type of DMT and its actions in your body.
The chart below covers approved DMTs, how they’re taken, and common side effects to be aware of.
| DMT | How it’s taken | Most common side effects |
|---|---|---|
| interferon beta-1a (Avonex, Plegridy, Rebif) | 每周一次自我注射一次（avonex），每2周一次（plegridy）或每周3次（rebif） | flu-like symptoms, pain or reaction at injection site |
| interferon beta-1b (Betaseron, Extavia) | self-injected every 2 days | flu-like symptoms, reaction at injection site |
| glatiramer acetate (Copaxone, Glatopa, generic) | self-injected daily or 3 times weekly | reaction at injection site, dizziness or shortness of breath at time of injection |
| ofatumumab (Kesimpta) | self-injected once per month | respiratory infection, injection-site reactions, headache |
| alemtuzumab (Lemtrada) | IV infusion daily for 5 days, then 1 year later, daily for 3 days | 瘙痒，头痛，恶心，头晕，疼痛，感染 |
| mitoxantrone (Novantrone) | IV infusion every 3 months | 恶心，感染，口腔疮 |
| Ocrelizumab（Ocrevus） | IV infusion every 2 weeks for first 2 doses, then every 6 months after that | infections, reactions at infusion site |
| natalizumab (Tysabri) | IV infusion every 4 weeks | headaches, joint pain, fatigue |
| teriflunomide (Aubagio) | oral once daily | headaches, nausea, hair thinning |
| monomethyl fumarate (Bafiertam) | oral twice daily | itching, stomach problems, diarrhea |
| fingolimod, FTY720 (Gilenya) |
oral once daily | diarrhea, headaches, back pain |
| cladribine (Mavenclad) | oral; taken over 4 to 5 days在2个治疗周期间s per year for 2 years | upper respiratory infections, headaches |
| siponimod (Mayzent) | oral once daily | high blood pressure, headaches, abnormal liver function tests |
| dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera) | oral twice daily | 胃部不适，白细胞计数下降，皮肤上的热或瘙痒感 |
| diroximel fumarate (Vumerity) | oral twice daily | stomach upset, flushing, itching, rash |
| ozanimod (Zeposia) | oral once daily | back pain, blood pressure changes, upper respiratory infections, frequent and painful urination |
Keeping in touch with your care team is an important part of taking care of yourself.
Regular appointments are an opportunity for you and your doctor to check in. You’ll discuss whether current treatments are working or a change in therapy is needed.
In the chart above, some of the most common side effects are listed; however, it’s possible you may experience others.
Some side effects are more common with certain types of medication. For example:
- Injected medications.These can cause flu-like symptoms or changes in some blood work results.
- 注入。These can cause headaches and nausea, and they can increase the risk of some infections.
- Oral medications.These can cause stomach upset and headaches.
任何治疗方法的目标是使好处超过任何令人讨厌的副作用。您的医生将能够与您讨论您的选择，以找出最佳治疗方法。
Talk with your doctor if you’re concerned about side effects or if you notice any changes in your health when starting a DMT.
There are no DMTs that are proven safe for pregnancy or breastfeeding. It’s important to let your doctor know if you think you’re pregnant or are considering a pregnancy.
DMT可以帮助管理MS并减缓其进展。有许多DMT可用，并且选择一个彼此选择的不同原因。您的医生将帮助确定最适合您的DMT。