概述
Morning sickness is a common symptom of pregnancy and is marked by nausea and occasional vomiting. Despite the name, morning sickness can cause discomfort at any time of the day.
孕吐通常发生在怀孕的前四个月内，通常是第一个标志that a woman is pregnant.
There are various ways to alleviate morning sickness, and complications are rare.
There’s no one cause of morning sickness during pregnancy, and severity varies among women. Increasedhormone levelsduring the first few weeks of pregnancy is among the most common causes.减少血糖是孕吐的另一个常见原因。
其他因素可能会恶化孕吐。这些包括：
Morning sickness can vary between pregnancies. While you may have had severe morning sickness during one pregnancy, in future pregnancies it may be very mild.
Nausea和vomitingcan easily cause a loss of appetite. Many pregnant women worry that this will harm their babies. Mild morning sickness is generally not harmful.
Women who experience morning sickness well beyond the first 3 to 4 months of their pregnancies should speak with their doctor. Also seek help if you aren’t gaining any weight during pregnancy.
Morning sickness is usually not severe enough to hinder fetal growth and development. For some pregnant women, nausea causes them to experience severe vomiting and weight loss.
这种情况称为妊娠妊娠. It causes电解质失衡和无意减肥。如果未经治疗，这种情况最终可能会伤害您的宝宝。
Call your doctor immediately if you experience:
- inability to keep food down
- weight loss of 2 pounds or more
- fever
- infrequent urination with small quantities ofdark-colored urine
- 头晕或者dizziness
- fast heartbeat
- 妊娠中期严重恶心
- 呕吐中的血液
- 频繁头痛
- 腹痛
- spotting, or bleeding
严重的孕吐通常需要住院。过度妊娠通常需要静脉内（IV）液以补液。
您的医生可能会规定补充剂或药物以减轻恶心并帮助您保留食物和液体。您的医生可能开出的药物包括：
- 抗组胺药: to help with nausea andmotion sickness
- 势噻嗪：帮助平静恶心和呕吐
- 甲氧氯普胺（Reglan）：帮助胃部将食物移入肠子并帮助恶心和呕吐
- antacids：吸收胃酸并帮助预防acid reflux
Do not take these medications on your own without first talking with your doctor.
Some people find that alternative remedies may also help relieve morning sickness. Make sure you only try these after first discussing them with your doctor. These remedies include:
- 维生素B-6补充剂
- prenatal vitamins
- 生姜产品，包括生姜啤酒，生姜茶和生姜滴
- saltine crackers
- 针刺
- 催眠
Based on your symptoms, your doctor may order some tests to make sure that you and your baby are safe. These include:
尿液检查
尿液检查can determine whether you’re dehydrated.
Blood chemistry tests
Your doctor may order blood chemistry tests that include:
- 全血数（CBC）
- comprehensive metabolic panel
- comprehensive metabolic panel (Chem-20), to measure the电解质in your blood.
These tests will determine whether you’re:
- dehydrated
- 营养不良或缺乏某些维生素
- 贫血
超声
超声使用声波产生宝宝的图像。然后，医生使用这些图像和声音来检查您的宝宝是否以健康的速度发育。
Taking the following steps may help prevent or minimize nausea:
- 喝很多水.
- 在饭前和之后喝水。
- 小睡。
- Ventilate your home and workspace to eliminate scents that make you nauseous.
- Avoid spicy foods.
- Eat small meals.
- 避免高脂肪的食物。
- Take vitamins at night.
- Avoid cigarette smoke.
如果这些预防措施都无法正常工作，或者您在怀孕的前3到4个月内经历了孕吐，那么与医生交谈很重要。
另外，请务必在开始任何药物或替代疗法之前与您的医生交谈以讨论这些选择。