代谢性碱性病是当血液变得过于碱性时发生的疾病。碱是酸性的相反。
Our bodies function best when the acidic-alkaline balance of our blood is just slightly tilted toward the alkaline.
Alkalosis occurs when your body has either:
- 太多碱产生的碳酸氢盐离子
- too few acid-producing hydrogen ions
许多人没有经历任何代谢性碱化症状的症状，因此您可能不知道自己患有它。
Metabolic alkalosis is one of thefour main types of alkalosis. There are two kinds of metabolic alkalosis:
- 氯化物反应alkalosis氢离子的丧失，通常是由于呕吐或脱水而导致的。
- Chloride-resistant alkalosis当你的身体保留太多bicarbonat结果e (alkaline) ions, or when there’s a shift of hydrogen ions from your blood to your cells.
还有一种称为代谢的疾病acidosis当您的血液或液体变得过于酸性时，会发生这种情况。
Your body compensates for both alkalosis and acidosis mainly through your lungs. The lungs change the alkalinity of your blood by allowing more or less carbon dioxide to escape as you breathe. The kidneys also play a role by controlling the elimination of bicarbonate ions.
当这些自然的补偿手段还不够时，就需要治疗。
代谢碱的治疗取决于您的碱化
氯化物反应或耐氯化物。这也取决于碱性病的根本原因。
氯化物反应
如果您只有轻度的氯化物响应性碱中毒，则可能只需要调整饮食，例如增加盐（氯化钠）的摄入量。氯离子将使您的血液更酸性并减少碱性病。
如果您的医生确定您的碱化症需要立即注意，它们可能会给您一个IV (intravenous drip)containing a saline solution (sodium chloride).
An IV is an almost painless procedure. It involves inserting a small needle into a vein in your arm. The needle is connected by a tube to a sterile bag containing salt dissolved in water. This is usually done in a hospital setting.
Chloride-resistant
If you have chloride-resistant alkalosis, your body may be depleted of potassium. A sodium chloride solution哇n‘t帮助you and can make things worse. Your doctor will instead look for ways to increase potassium.
您可以通过：
- taking pills containing potassium chloride two to four times a day (under a doctor’s direction)
- 静脉注射氯化钾
Metabolic alkalosis may not show any symptoms. People with this type of alkalosis more often complain of the underlying conditions that are causing it. These can include:
- 呕吐
- diarrhea
- 小腿肿胀（外围水肿）
- 疲劳
Severe cases of metabolic alkalosis can cause:
- agitation
- disorientation
- seizures
- 昏迷
The severe symptoms are most common when the alkalosis is caused by chronic liver disease.
Two organs help to compensate for metabolic alkalosis — our lungs and our kidneys.
肺补偿
Our body produces carbon dioxide when we convert the food we eat into energy in our cells. The red blood cells in our veins take up the carbon dioxide and carry it to our lungs to be exhaled.
当二氧化碳与血液中的水混合时，它会形成一种称为碳酸的温和酸。然后，碳酸将其分解为碳酸氢盐离子和氢。碳酸氢盐离子是碱性。
By changing the rate of breathing, we can raise or lower the concentration of alkaline bicarbonate ions that are retained in our blood. The body does this automatically in the process called respiratory compensation. This is the body’s first and fastest response.
为了补偿碱化，信号被发送以减慢呼吸速度。
Kidney compensation
肾脏可以通过通过尿液增加碳酸氢盐离子的排泄来帮助对抗碱中毒。这也是一个自动过程，但比呼吸补偿要慢。
Several different underlying conditions can cause metabolic alkalosis. These include:
Loss of stomach acids.这是代谢碱中毒的最常见原因。它通常是通过鼻子喂养管呕吐或吸入引起的。
The gastric juices have a high content of hydrochloric acid, a strong acid. Its loss causes an increase in the alkalinity of the blood.
呕吐可以由任意数量的胃disorders. By figuring out and treating the cause of the vomiting, your doctor will cure the metabolic alkalosis.
过量的抗抗酸。抗酸剂的使用通常不会导致代谢性碱中毒。但是，如果您的肾脏较弱或失败，并且使用了不可吸收的抗酸剂，则可以带来碱性病。不可吸收的抗酸剂含有氢氧化铝或氢氧化镁。
Diuretics.一些利尿剂(water pills) commonly prescribed for high blood pressure can cause increased urinary acid secretion. The increased secretion of acid in the urine can make your blood more alkaline.
If alkalosis shows up when you’re taking drugs such as thiazide or loop diuretics, your doctor may ask you to stop.
钾缺乏症（低钾血症）。Adeficiency of potassiumcan cause the hydrogen ions normally present in the fluid around your cells to shift inside the cells. The absence of acidic hydrogen ions causes your fluids and blood to become more alkaline.
动脉中血液量减少（EABV）。这可能来自衰弱的心脏和cirrhosis肝脏。减少的血液流量会损害您人体去除碱性碳酸氢盐离子的能力。
心脏，肾脏或肝衰竭。Metabolic alkalosis can be caused by failure of a major organ, such as your heart, kidney, or liver. This leads to potassium depletion.
标准的盐溶液（氯化钠）可以通过导致身体保留液体而不会消除导致碱性病的碳酸氢盐离子过量而使情况变得更糟。
遗传原因。在极少数情况下，遗传基因可能是代谢碱中毒的原因。五种可能引起代谢碱化的遗传疾病是：
- Bartter syndrome
- 吉特曼综合症
- Liddle综合征
- glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism
- 明显的矿物皮质激素过量
To begin diagnosis, your doctor will take your medical history and give you a physical examination.
如果他们怀疑碱性病，他们会接受您的血液和尿液检查。他们将研究动脉中的氧气和二氧化碳的水平，并测量血液的酸度和碱度。
Understanding pH levels
The acidity or alkalinity of a liquid is measured on a scale calledpH. In metabolic alkalosis, the pH of your blood is high.
最中性物质，水，pH值为7。当液体的pH降至7以下时，它会变成酸性。当它上升到7以上时，它是碱。
您的血液通常pH值为7.35至7.45，或稍微碱性。当pH显着高于此水平时，您会有代谢性碱中毒。
Urine analysis
Your doctor may also test for the concentrations of chloride and potassium ions in your urine.
When the chloride level is low, it indicates that you may respond to treatment with a saline solution. A low potassium concentration can indicate either potassium deficiency or overuse of laxatives.
Hypochloremiameans you have too little of the chloride ion in your blood.
Hypochloremic alkalosis is a serious condition that can put you into shock. It can result from dehydration and other causes.
Fortunately, it can be treated by a standard saline (salt) solution. This can be delivered by IV if you have a severe case, or by adjustments to your diet in mild cases.
代谢性碱中毒最常见的原因是严重的呕吐病例导致您失去胃中的酸性液体。通常可以通过使用盐水溶液处理来逆转。
It can also be the result of a potassium deficiency or a chloride deficiency. These deficiencies can be treated with intravenous fluids or, in mild cases, with a diet adjustment.
一些cases of alkalosis are caused by serious underlying heart, kidney, or liver conditions. While the alkalosis can often be reversed in the short term, the underlying condition has to be treated for a lasting cure.
See your doctor if you’re experiencing any new or enduring symptoms.