What Are Menstrual Problems?
Menstrual cycles often bring about a variety of uncomfortable symptoms leading up to your period. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) encompasses the most common issues, such as mild cramping and fatigue, but the symptoms usually go away when your period begins.
然而，其他，也可能发生更严重的月经问题。月经过于沉重或过于光明，或完全没有循环，可能表明还有其他问题导致异常的月经周期。
Remember that a “normal” menstrual cycle means something different for every woman. A cycle that’s regular for you may be abnormal for someone else. It’s important to stay in tune with your body and to talk to your doctor if you notice any significant changes to your menstrual cycle.
There are several different menstrual problems that you may experience.
PMS occurs one to two weeks before your period begins. Some women experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms. Others experience few symptoms or even none at all. PMS can cause:
- bloating
- irritability
- backaches
- headaches
- 乳房疼痛
- acne
- 食物的渴望
- excessive fatigue
- depression
- anxiety
- feelings of stress
- insomnia
- 便秘
- diarrhea
- 轻度胃痉挛
每个月你会有不同的症状,and the severity of these symptoms can also vary. PMS is uncomfortable, but it’s generally not worrisome unless it interferes with your normal activities.
Another common menstrual problem is a heavy period. Also called menorrhagia, heavy periods cause you to bleed more than normal. You may also have your period for longer than the average of five to seven days.
Menorrhagia主要是由激素水平的失衡引起的，特别是黄体酮和雌激素。
Other causes of heavy or irregular menstrual bleeding include:
- puberty
- 阴道感染
- 子宫颈炎症
- 甲状腺吸尘器（甲状腺功能减退）
- 非癌症子宫肿瘤（纤维虫）
- 饮食或运动的变化
在某些情况下，女性可能无法获得他们的时期。这称为闭经。原发性闭经是当您没有16岁以上的时候。这可能是由垂体腺体，女性生殖系统的先天性缺陷或青春期延迟引起的。当您停止在六个月或更长时间停止获得常规时期时，会发生继发性闭经。
Common causes of primary amenorrhea and secondary amenorrhea in teens include:
- anorexia
- overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism)
- ovarian cysts
- sudden weight gain or loss
- 停止出生控制
- 怀孕
当成年人没有月经，常见的原因往往是不同的。这些可能包括：
- premature ovarian failure
- pelvic inflammatory disease (a reproductive infection)
- 停止出生控制
- 怀孕
- breastfeeding
- menopause
A missed period could mean that you’re pregnant. If you suspect you may be pregnant, be sure to take a pregnancy test. Drugstore pregnancy tests are the least expensive way to determine whether or not you are pregnant. To get the most accurate results, wait until you have missed your period by at least one day before taking the test.
不仅可以比正常的时期更轻或更重，但它也可能是痛苦的。在PMS期间，痉挛是正常的，当您的期间开始时，它们也会发生。然而，有些女性经历令人痛苦的痛苦。也称为痛经，月经极其痛苦的月经可能与潜在的医疗问题有关，例如：
- fibroids
- pelvic inflammatory disease
- abnormal tissue growth outside of the uterus (endometriosis)
诊断月经问题的第一步是看到你的医生。您的医生将想知道您的症状以及您在经历它们的时间。它可能有助于通过对月经周期的笔记进行准备，如何定期，以及您已经遇到的任何症状。您的医生可以使用这些笔记来帮助弄清楚异常。
In addition to a physical exam, your doctor will likely do a pelvic exam. A pelvic exam allows your doctor to assess your reproductive organs and to determine if your vagina or cervix is inflamed. A Pap smear will also be performed to rule out the possibility of cancer or other underlying conditions.
Blood tests can help determine whether hormonal imbalances are causing your menstrual problems. If you suspect that you may be pregnant, your doctor or nurse practitioner will order a blood or urine pregnancy test during your visit.
Other tests your doctor may use to help diagnose the source of your menstrual problems include:
- 子宫内膜活组织检查（用于提取可以被发送用于进一步分析的子宫衬里的样品）
- hysteroscopy (a small camera is inserted into your uterus to help your doctor find any abnormalities)
- ultrasound (used to produce a picture of your uterus)
治疗类型取决于导致月经周期问题的原因。避孕药可以缓解PMS的症状，以及调节重型流动。如果较重或比正常流量更重或较轻与甲状腺或其他荷尔蒙病症有关，您可能会在启动激素替换后体验更多规律性。
Dysmenorrhea may be hormone related, but you may also require further medical treatment to address the problem. For example, antibiotics are used to treat pelvic inflammatory disease.
期间之间的违规是正常的，因此偶尔的光线或重流通常不会担心。但是，如果您遇到剧烈的疼痛或血凝块的重流，您应该立即致电您的医生。如果您的时期发生不到21天，或者如果它们发生超过35天，则建议您接受医疗注意力。