什么是脑内出血？
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is when blood suddenly bursts into brain tissue, causing damage to your brain.
症状通常在ICH期间突然出现。它们包括头痛，虚弱，混乱和瘫痪，尤其是在身体的一侧。血液的积累会给您的大脑施加压力，并干扰其氧气供应。这会迅速导致大脑和神经损伤。
This is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment.ICH并不像缺血性那样普遍stroke(which occurs when a blood vessel to your brain is blocked by a clot), but it’s more serious.
治疗取决于数量的血液和extent of brain injury that has occurred. Because the most common cause of ICH is related to high blood pressure, getting your blood pressure lowered and under control is the first key step. Sometimes surgery is required to relieve pressure from the accumulation of blood and to repair damaged blood vessels.
长期治疗取决于出血位置和损害量。治疗可能包括身体，言语和职业疗法。许多人有一定程度的永久残疾。
高血压是ICH的最常见原因。在年轻人中，另一个常见原因是大脑中异常形成的血管。
其他原因包括：
- head injury or trauma
- 破裂脑动脉瘤(a weak spot in a blood vessel that bursts)
- arteriovenous malformation(a grouping of malformed blood vessels in your brain that disrupts normal blood flow)
- 使用血液稀释剂
- 出血肿瘤
- cocaine or methamphetamine use (which can cause severe hypertension and lead to hemorrhage)
- bleeding disorders (for example,血友病or镰状细胞性贫血）
任何人都可以拥有ICH，但是您的风险随着年龄的增长而增加。根据梅菲尔德诊所，男性的风险略高于女性。日本或非裔美国人血统的中年人也有ICH风险。
Symptoms of ICH include:
- 脸部，手臂或腿突然的虚弱，刺痛或瘫痪，尤其是在身体的一侧发生
- 突然发作严重的头痛
- 麻烦吞咽
- trouble with vision in one or both eyes
- 失去平衡与协调，头晕
- trouble with language skills (reading, writing, speaking, understanding)
- 恶心，呕吐
- 冷漠，嗜睡，嗜睡，意识丧失
- confusion, delirium
This is a serious medical condition. If you or someone near you is having these symptoms, call 911 immediately.
如果您有一些ICH症状，医生将进行神经检查。成像测试确定您是否患有缺血性中风（阻塞）或出血性中风（出血）。
Diagnostic testing for ICH may include aCT扫描。这种类型的测试会创建您的大脑图像，这些图像可以确认出血，还可以评估其他创伤的证据。
一个MRI scanmay help your doctor see your brain more clearly to better identify the cause of the bleeding.
一个血管造影使用X射线技术来拍摄动脉内血流的照片，并可以揭示血管本身的任何异常，例如动脉瘤或动静脉畸形。
Blood tests can identify immune system disorders, inflammation, and blood clotting problems that can cause bleeding in your brain.
Depending on the location of the hemorrhage and how long your brain was without oxygen, complications may include:
- impaired language skills
- 疲劳
- problems with swallowing
- vision loss
- difficulty with sensations or movements on one side of the body
- pneumonia
- cognitive dysfunction (memory loss, difficulty reasoning), confusion
- swelling on the brain
- seizures
- depression，情绪问题
- 发烧
Treatment within the first three hours of the onset of symptoms generally results in a better outcome.
手术可以减轻您的大脑压力并修复动脉撕裂。某些药物可以帮助治疗症状，例如止痛药，以缓解严重的头痛。可能需要药物来控制血压。如果您的医生确定您有癫痫发作的风险，则可能需要服用抗癫痫药。
需要长期治疗来克服因对大脑损害的损害而引起的症状。根据您的症状，治疗可能包括物理和语音疗法，以帮助恢复肌肉功能或改善沟通。职业疗法可以通过练习和修改日常活动来帮助您恢复某些技能和独立性。
You can decrease your chances of ICH by:
- 不吸烟
- treatingheart disease
- treating high blood pressure
- keeping diabetes under control
- maintaining a healthy lifestyle
Recovery following ICH differs greatly from person to person and will depend on a variety of factors. These include your age and overall health, the location of the hemorrhage, and the extent of the damage.
有些人可能需要几个月或数年的时间才能康复。大多数ICH患者有一些长期残疾。在某些情况下，可能需要全天候或疗养院护理。
Stroke support groups can help people and families cope with long-term care. Your doctor or hospital can provide information about support groups that meet in your area.