What is lip cancer?
唇癌从异常的细胞中发育出来的异常细胞，并在嘴唇上形成病变或肿瘤。唇癌是一种口腔癌。它在薄的平坦细胞中发展 - 称为鳞状细胞 - 这是：
- lips
- 嘴
- tongue
- cheeks
- sinuses
- throat
- hard and soft palates
唇癌和其他种类的口腔癌是头部和颈部癌症的类型。
某些生活方式的选择可以增加风险开发唇癌。这些包括：
- smoking cigarettes
- heavy alcohol use
- 过度的阳光曝光
- 晒黑
牙医通常是第一个在常规牙科检查期间发出唇癌症状的迹象。
Lip cancer is highly curable when diagnosed early.
根据这一点
Sun exposure is also a major risk factor, especially for people who work outdoors. This is because they’re more likely to have prolonged sun exposure.
Your behaviors and lifestyle heavily influence your risk for lip cancer. Approximately
- 吸烟或使用烟草制品（香烟，雪茄，管道或咀嚼烟草）
- heavy alcohol use
- prolonged exposure to direct sunlight (both natural and artificial, including tanning beds)
- having light-colored skin
- 是男性
- havinghuman papillomavirus (HPV)，性传播感染
- 超过40岁
The majority of oral cancers are linked to tobacco use. The risk is even higher for people who use both tobacco and drink alcohol, compared with those who use only one of the two.
唇癌的迹象和症状包括：
- 嘴唇，病变，水疱，溃疡或肿块，不会消失
- a red or white patch on the lip
- 在嘴唇上出血或疼痛
- 颚肿胀
Lip cancer may not have any symptoms. Dentists often first notice lip cancer during a routine dental exam. If you have a sore or lump on your lips, it doesn’t necessarily mean you have lip cancer, though. Discuss any symptoms with your dentist or doctor.
If you have signs or symptoms of lip cancer, see your doctor. They’ll perform a physical exam of your lips and other parts of your mouth to search for abnormal areas and try to identify possible causes.
Your doctor will use a gloved finger to feel inside your lips and use mirrors and lights to examine the inside of your mouth. They may also feel your neck for swollen lymph nodes.
Your doctor will also ask you about your:
- 卫生史
- 吸烟和酒精历史
- past illnesses
- medical and dental treatments
- 疾病家族史
- any medications you’re using
如果怀疑唇癌，a活检can confirm the diagnosis. During a biopsy, a small sample of the affected area is removed. The sample is then reviewed in a pathology laboratory under a microscope.
如果活检结果证实您有唇癌，您的医生可以执行许多其他测试以确定癌症的进展有多远，或者它蔓延到身体的其他部位。
Tests may include:
Surgery,放射治疗， 和chemotherapy只是一些可用于唇癌的治疗方法。其他可能的选择包括有针对性的治疗和调查治疗，例如免疫疗法和基因治疗。
与其他癌症一样，治疗取决于癌症的阶段，它正在进行多远（包括肿瘤的大小），以及您的一般健康。
If the tumor is small, surgery is typically performed to remove it. This involves removal of all tissue involved with the cancer, plus reconstruction of the lip (cosmetically and functionally).
如果肿瘤较大或在后期阶段，辐射和化疗可用于在手术前或手术前或后缩短肿瘤以降低复发的风险。化疗治疗在整个身体中提供药物，并降低癌症传播或返回的风险。
For people who smoke, quitting smoking before treatment can improve treatment outcomes.
如果留下未经处理的话，唇瘤可以蔓延到口腔和舌头的其他区域以及身体的远处部分。如果癌症蔓延，固化变得更加困难。
另外，对唇癌的治疗可以具有许多功能和化妆品的后果。在手术后，手术脱掉嘴唇的大肿瘤的人可能会遇到言语，咀嚼和吞咽。
手术也可能导致唇部和面部的毁容。然而，与演讲病理学家合作可以改善演讲。重建或化妆品外科医生可以重建面部的骨骼和组织。
化疗和辐射的一些副作用包括：
- 脱发
- weakness and fatigue
- 胃口不好
- 恶心
- vomiting
- numbness in the hands and feet
- 严重的贫血
- 减肥
- dry skin
- 咽喉痛
- 味道变化
- infection
- inflamed mucous membranes in the mouth (oral mucositis)
唇癌是非常可固化的。这是因为嘴唇突出且可见，并且可以轻易地看到和感受到病变。这允许早期诊断。德克萨斯州大学医学院的医学院指出，治疗后生存的机会，在五年内没有复发，大于90％.
如果您以前有唇癌，则在头部，颈部或嘴里开发第二次癌症的可能性增加。完成唇癌治疗后，请参阅您的医生频繁检查和后续访问。
Prevent lip cancer by avoiding the use of all types of tobacco, avoiding excessive alcohol use, and limiting exposure to both natural and artificial sunlight, particularly the use of tanning beds.
Many cases of lip cancer are first discovered by dentists. Because of this, it’s important to make regular dental appointments with a licensed professional, especially if you’re at an increased risk for lip cancers.