Kidney cancer is cancer that begins in the kidneys. According to the
虽然化学疗法可用于治疗许多不同类型的癌症，但对于最常见的肾脏癌类型而言，它通常对肾细胞癌（RCC）不太有效。但是，可能会推荐某种肾癌。
Below, we’ll cover more about chemotherapy, when it’s used for kidney cancer, and what it involves. Keep reading to discover more.
主要特征之一cancer cells是他们迅速成长和分裂。化学疗法uses drugs that target cells which are rapidly growing and dividing. Because of this, it can kill cancer cells or slow their growth.
大多数肾脏癌（
与许多其他类型的癌症不同，RCC中的癌细胞对化学疗法的反应不太好。此外，一些化学药物已经与kidney and bladder problemsas a potential side effect.
因此，医生更喜欢其他治疗类型对于RCC。这些包括手术，immunotherapy和目标疗法。
While doctors don’t use chemotherapy to treat RCC, it can be effective for some other, less common, types of kidney cancer. These include:
- Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).TCC始于排队的细胞，该区域称为肾脏骨盆，这是肾脏和输尿管相遇的地方。TCC单元通常类似于bladder cancer cells。
- Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC).CDC is an aggressive type of kidney cancer that starts in the collecting ducts, which collect urine from the kidneys and move it to the输尿管。It only causesup to 3 percent在所有肾脏癌中。
- Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC).RMC mainly impacts individuals with镰状细胞特征。It’s very rare, accounting for小于0.5％of all kidney cancers, but is one of the most aggressive types of kidney cancer.
- 威尔姆斯肿瘤。威尔姆斯肿瘤, also called nephroblastoma, are a type of kidney cancer that almost always impacts children.
- 恶性胸腺肿瘤（MRT）。MRTs are a rare type of tumor made up of many large cells. The kidneys are a common area for them to develop. They’re most common in babies between the ages of
11 to 18 months 。
这re are some specific situations where doctors may use chemotherapy to treat RCC. This is typically when RCC is advanced and hasn’t responded to other types of treatment like immunotherapy or targeted therapy.
这type of chemotherapy drug您将获得肾脏癌症的特定类型。医生可能用来治疗肾癌的某些类型的化学药物包括：
接受化疗作为不同化学药物的组合也很常见。组合化疗可以通过多种方式解决癌症，因为不同的药物通过不同的机制起作用。
用于治疗TCC和可能其他类型的肾癌的组合化疗的一个例子包括：
- 甲氨蝶呤
- 葡萄碱
- 阿霉素
- cisplatin
此外，医生可以将化学疗法与其他治疗类型一起使用。例如，有时在手术前或之后进行化学疗法。
化学疗法that’s used to shrink a tumor prior to surgery is called neoadjuvant chemotherapy. When used to kill cancer cells that remain after surgery, it’s called辅助化疗。
除了癌细胞外，化学疗法还可以影响通常比其他细胞类型更快地生长和分裂的健康细胞。这些包括：
- 毛囊
- 嘴巴和消化道
- 骨髓
这意味着化学疗法会导致多种副作用, such as:
- hair loss
- mouth sores
- 食欲减少
- 恶心或呕吐
- diarrhea
- constipation
- 贫血
- 更频繁的感染
- bruising或更容易流血
一般而言，完成化学疗法治疗后，大多数这些副作用消失了。
化学疗法本身也会对您的身体产生长期影响。有些药物与long-term side effectsthat can last months, years, or for the rest of your life. Examples include:
- 生育能力降低
- 听力损失
- osteoporosis
- nerve damage, which can lead to pain or feelings of numbness and tingling
- damage to the kidneys, heart, or lungs
- 浓度和记忆问题,经常打电话ed “chemo brain透明
- 第二个癌症的发展
副作用因人而异，也取决于以下因素：
- specific chemotherapy drugs used
- dose of chemotherapy
- 治疗的时间
If your care team recommends chemotherapy for your kidney cancer, they can give you a better idea of what types of short- and long-term side effects to expect from chemo andhow to manage them。
化学疗法最常给予用嘴in the form of a pill or capsule or into the bloodstreamvia IV。
如果您通过IV接受化学疗法，则有可能catheter or port将暂时放置。在接受治疗时，这可以更轻松地进入体内大静脉。
化学疗法以周期进行。每个cycle通常持续几周，由一段积极治疗，然后是休息一段时间组成。剩下的时间使您体内的健康细胞恢复。
It’s also possible for chemotherapy to be either inpatient or outpatient. Inpatient means that you’ll need to stay overnight at the hospital, while outpatient means that you can return home following your treatment session.
这outlook for kidney cancer can depend on many factors, such as:
- the specific type of kidney cancer
- the extent, or阶段，诊断时的肾癌
- how the cancer responds to the recommended treatment
- your age and overall health
According to the National Cancer Institute’s SEER program, the overall 5-year survival for kidney cancer is
- Localized.仍然局限于肾脏的癌症的5年生存率为92.7％。
- 区域。如果癌症已扩散到附近的淋巴结或组织，则5年生存率为71％。
- Distant.当癌症扩散到更遥远的组织（转移）时，5年的存活率为13.9％。
Some of the types of kidney cancer treated with chemotherapy, such as CDC and RMC, are more aggressive and may not be diagnosed until they’ve become more advanced. This can make their outlook poorer.
一般而言，当癌症被诊断和治疗时，最好的癌症前景是最好的。如果您被诊断出可以接受化学疗法治疗的肾脏癌，那么您的护理团队可以让您对自己的外观有个好主意。