What Are Intramuscular Injections?

An intramuscular injection is a technique used to deliver a medication deep into the muscles. This allows the medication to be absorbed into the bloodstream quickly.

您可能在上一次接种疫苗时在医生办公室接受了肌肉注射，例如流感疫苗。

In some cases, a person may also self-administer an intramuscular injection. For example, certain drugs that treat多发性硬化症或者rheumatoid arthritismay require self-injection.

肌肉内注射的用途是什么？

肌肉注射是现代医学中的常见实践。他们被用来输送毒品vaccines。Several drugs and almost all injectable vaccines are delivered this way.

当不建议使用其他类型的递送方法时，使用肌肉注射。这些包括：

• 或者al (swallowed into the stomach)
• 静脉注射（注入静脉）
• 皮下（注入皮肤层的脂肪组织中）

Intramuscular injections may be used instead of intravenous injections because some drugs are irritating to veins or because a suitable vein cannot be located.

它们可能被用而不是口服分娩，因为某些药物被销毁消化系统当你吞下它们时。

肌肉注射的吸收速度比皮下注射。This is because muscle tissue has a greater blood supply than the tissue just under your skin. Muscle tissue can also hold a larger volume of medication than subcutaneous tissue.

肌内注射部位

肌肉内注射通常在以下区域进行：

手臂的三角肌

这deltoid muscle是通常用于疫苗的站点。但是，该部位对于自我注射并不常见，因为它的小肌肉质量会限制可以注入的药物的体积 - 通常不超过1毫升。

也很难使用本网站进行自我注射。照料者，朋友或家人可以协助注射这种肌肉。

要定位此站点，请感觉到位于上臂顶部的骨头（雅致过程）。给注射的正确区域是低于Acromion过程的两个指宽度。在两个手指的底部将是一个颠倒的三角形。在三角形的中心注射。

大腿的巨大外侧肌肉

这大腿当其他网站不可用时，或者您需要自己管理药物时，可能会使用。

Divide the upper thigh into three equal parts. Locate the middle of these three sections. The injection should go into the outer top portion of this section.

Ventrogluteal muscle of the hip

腹侧肌肉是成年人和7个月以上儿童的最安全部位。它很深，不接近任何主要的血管或神经。该网站很难进行自我注射，可能需要朋友，家人或照料者的帮助。

Place the heel of your hand on the hip of the person receiving the injection, with your fingers pointing toward their head. Position your fingers so your thumb points toward their groin and you feel the pelvis under your pinky finger. Spread your index and middle fingers in a slight V shape, and inject the needle into the middle of that V.

Dorsogluteal muscles of the buttocks

这dorsogluteal muscleof the buttocks was the site most commonly selected by healthcare professionals for many years. However, due to the potential for injury to the坐骨神经，最常使用腹侧肌肉。

腹侧肌肉中的该部位很难用于自注射，不建议使用。

您不应使用具有感染或受伤证据的注射部位。如果您要多次注射，请确保旋转注射部位以避免肌肉受伤或不适。

如何进行肌内注射

任何管理肌内注射的人都应接受有关适当注射技术的培训和教育。

针头尺寸和注射部位将取决于许多因素。其中包括接受药物治疗的人的年龄和大小以及药物的体积和类型。

您的医生或药剂师将为您提供有关哪种针和注射器适合治疗药物的具体准则。

针头应足够长的时间到达肌肉，而不会穿透下面的神经和血管。通常，针对成人的针头应为1英寸至1.5英寸，对于儿童来说较小。它们的厚度为25号到25号厚度，包装上的22克。

遵循以下步骤进行安全肌内注射：

1.洗手

Wash your hands with soap and warm water to prevent potential infection. Be sure to thoroughly scrub between your fingers, on the backs of your hands, and under your fingernails.

这 疾病控制与预防中心（CDC） recommends lathering for 20 seconds, which is the time it takes to sing the “Happy Birthday” song twice.

2.收集所有必要的用品

Assemble the following supplies:

• 针和注射器
• 酒精垫
• 纱布
• puncture-resistant container to discard the used needles and syringe (typically a red, plastic sharps container)
• 绷带

3.定位注射地点

To isolate the muscle and target where you’ll place the injection, spread the skin at the injection site between two fingers.

接受注射的人应进入舒适的位置，可轻松进入位置，并保持肌肉放松。

4. Clean the injection site

清洁选定的注射现场alcohol swab并让皮肤干燥。

5. Prepare the syringe with medication

• 卸下帽子。如果小瓶或笔是多糖，请记下何时首次打开小瓶。橡胶塞子应用酒精拭子清洁。
• Draw air into the syringe.Draw back the plunger to fill the syringe with air up to the dose that you’ll be injecting. This is done because the vial is a vacuum and you need to add an equal amount of air to regulate the pressure. This also makes it easier to draw the medication into the syringe. If you forget this step, you can still get the medication out of the vial.
• 将空气插入小瓶中。Remove the cap from the needle and push the needle through the rubber stopper at the top of the vial. Inject all of the air into the vial. Be careful to not touch the needle to keep it clean.

• Withdraw the medication.Turn the vial and syringe upside down so the needle points upward and pull back on the plunger to withdraw the correct amount of medication.

• 卸下气泡。Tap the syringe to push any bubbles to the top and gently depress the plunger to push the air bubbles out.

6.用注射器自我注射

像飞镖一样握住针头，并以90度角将其插入肌肉中。您应该快速但受控的方式插入针头。不要将柱塞推入。

7. Inject the medication

Push the plunger slowly to inject the medication into the muscle.

8.卸下针头

快速撤回针头，然后将其丢弃到抗穿刺的锋利容器中。不要将帽子放回针上。

夏普容器是一个红色容器，您可以在任何药房购买。它用于收集医疗废物，例如针和注射器。您不应将这些材料中的任何一个放入常规垃圾中，因为针对处理垃圾的任何人都可能危害。

9.向注射部位施加压力

使用一块纱布向注射部位施加轻压。您甚至可以按摩该区域，以帮助将药物吸收到肌肉中。看到轻微出血是正常的。如有必要，请使用绷带。

更容易注入的技巧

To minimize possible discomfort before your injection:

• 涂冰或非处方局部麻木霜用酒精垫清洁注射地点。
• 注射前让酒精完全干燥。否则，可能会导致刺痛。
• 在将药物抽入注射器之前，通过在手之间擦拭药物来加热一瓶药。
• 让您信任的人给您注射。有些人发现自己很难注射。

肌内注射的并发症是什么？

肌内注射后通常会感到不适。但是某些症状可能是更严重的并发症的迹象。如果您遇到的话，请立即致电您的医生或医疗保健专业人员：

• 注射部位的剧烈疼痛
• 刺痛或麻木
• redness，，，，swelling，，，，或者warmth at the injection site
• drainage at the injection site
• 长时间出血
• 符号过敏反应，，，，such as difficulty breathing orfacial swelling

You may have some焦虑关于长针，尤其是进行注射，尤其是肌内注射。阅读几次步骤，直到您对程序感到满意并花点时间。

You can ask your doctor or pharmacist to go through the procedure with you beforehand. They’re more than willing to help you understand how to perform a safe, proper injection.