免疫缺陷障碍可防止您的身体对抗感染和疾病。这种类型的疾病使您更容易捕获病毒和细菌感染。

免疫deficiency disorders are either congenital or acquired. A congenital, or primary, disorder is one you were born with. An acquired, or secondary, disorder is one you get later in life. Acquired disorders are more common than congenital disorders.

Your immune system includes the following organs:

These organs process and release淋巴细胞。These are white blood cells classified as B cells and T cells. B and T cells fight invaders called antigens. B cells release antibodies specific to the disease your body detects. Certain T cells destroy foreign or atypical cells.

您的B和T细胞可能需要抵抗的抗原的实例包括：

  • bacteria
  • viruses
  • cancer cells
  • parasites

An immunodeficiency disorder disrupts your body’s ability to defend itself against these antigens.

什么是弱免疫系统？

如果你有一个较弱的免疫系统，你就是 immunocompromised 。This means your body can’t fight off infections or viruses as well as people who are not immunocompromised.

虽然免疫系统通常由某些疾病，营养不良和某些遗传障碍引起的，但它也可以暂时由抗癌药物和放射治疗等药物引起的。

Your immune system can also be temporarily weakened by a stem cell or organ transplant.

有数百种形式的免疫缺陷障碍。每种疾病具有独特的症状，可以频繁或慢性。但是，有一些警告标志，您的免疫系统可能会发生一些事情。

Individuals with immunodeficiency disorders tend tohave frequent infections-one round after another — of certain conditions, such as:

Individuals with immunodeficiency disorders may also develop chronic abdominal pain, and they may even lose weight over time.

If you find that you get sick easily and have a hard time shaking off viruses and other infections, your doctor might test you for an immunodeficiency disorder.

当缺血疾病或病症发生时发生免疫系统不按预期工作。如果您出生于遗传原因的缺乏，它被称为原发性免疫缺陷疾病。有 more than 200 原发性免疫缺陷障碍。

Examples of primary immunodeficiency disorders include:

  • common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)
  • 严重的综合免疫缺陷（SCID），也称为αsymphocytosis
  • chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)

Secondary immunodeficiency disorders happen when an outside source like a chemical or infection weakens your body. The following can cause a secondary immunodeficiency disorder:

Examples of secondary immunodeficiency disorders include:

主要免疫缺陷障碍最常由继承的基因突变引起。

二次免疫缺陷障碍可能是由各种各样的东西引起的，包括：

  • chronic conditions (like diabetes or cancer)
  • drugs
  • 放射治疗（这很罕见）
  • 长期住院治疗
  • insufficient nutrition

Risk factors

具有初级免疫缺陷障碍家族历史的人对发育主要疾病的风险较高。

任何削弱免疫系统都会导致继发免疫缺陷障碍。例如，暴露于感染HIV或器官去除和更换的体液可以是原因。

Aging can also weaken your immune system. As you age, some of the organs that produce or process white blood cells shrink and become less efficient.

Proteins areimportant for your immunity。Not enough protein in your diet can weaken your immune system.

当你睡觉时，你的身体也会产生蛋白质，帮助您的身体对抗感染。因此，缺乏睡眠可以降低免疫防御。

Cancers and chemotherapy drugs can also reduce your immunity.

如果您的医生认为您可能有免疫缺陷障碍，他们将想要：

您的医生还可以进行皮肤测试，这通常在怀疑T细胞异常时进行。

During a skin test, a small number of proteins from common infectious organisms (like yeast) are injected right under the skin. If there’s not a reaction (swelling or redness) within 2 days, that can be a sign of an immunodeficiency disorder from a T-cell abnormality.

Biopsies of the lymph nodes or bone marrow may also be performed to help your doctor narrow down which disorder may be causing your symptoms.

基因检测,通常via a blood test, to determine if there are any gene mutations that are causing your immunodeficiency disorder may also be ordered.

Treating immunodeficiency disorders typically revolves around:

  • 可以在可能的情况下预防感染
  • 在发生时治疗感染
  • 加强免疫系统的部分

Antibiotics and immunoglobulin therapy are two types of medications often used in treatment.

Other antiviral drugs, like oseltamivir and acyclovir, or a drug calledinterferonare sometimes used for treatment of the viral infections caused by immunodeficiency disorders.

如果你的骨髓不会产生足够的淋巴细胞，你的医生可能会命令一个骨髓（干细胞）移植。

Primary immunodeficiency disorders can be managed and treated, but they can’t be prevented.

开发中学障碍的风险有时可以通过生活方式选择来降低。例如，可以降低发展的风险2型糖尿病by eating a nutritious diet and getting adequate physical activity.

睡觉is very important for a healthy immune system. 据CDC称 ，延长的睡眠损失可能不仅导致各种慢性病，也可能削弱你的身体抵抗感染的能力。

If your primary care physician has diagnosed you with an immunodeficiency disorder, or suspects you might have one and wants an expert opinion, they will most likely send you to an immunologist.

免疫logists specialize in immunodeficiency disorders. Typically, after acquiring a bachelor’s degree, individuals who want to become immunologists must go through9 years额外的医疗培训。

要成为董事会认证，他们必须通过美国过敏和免疫学（Abai）给出的考试。

If you’ve been diagnosed with an immunodeficiency disorder, it means that your immune system is not able to fight off infections or viruses effectively. You may have been born with it, or it could have arisen later in life due to a chronic condition, such as diabetes or cancer.

有数百种形式的免疫缺陷障碍。According to the British Society for Immunology, approximately6 millionpeople worldwide live with a primary immunodeficiency disorder (i.e., they were born with it).

大多数医生都同意免疫缺陷障碍的人可以充分和生产性生活。早期鉴定和治疗疾病非常重要。