回肠造口术

An ileostomy is a surgically made opening that connects your ileum to your abdominal wall. The ileum is the lower end of your small intestine. Through the abdominal wall opening, or stoma, the lower intestine is stitched into place. You may be given a pouch that you’ll wear externally. This pouch will collect all of your digested food.

This procedure is done if your rectum or colon can’t properly function.

If your ileostomy is temporary, your intestinal tract will be reattached inside your body once healing occurs.

For a permanent ileostomy, your surgeon removes or bypasses your rectum, colon, and anus. In this case, you’ll have a pouch that permanently collects your waste products. It may be internal or external.

If you have a large intestine problem that can’t be treated with medications, you might need an ileostomy. One of the most common reasons for an ileostomy isinflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The two types of inflammatory bowel disease areCrohn’s diseaseandulcerative colitis.

Crohn’s disease can involve any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus, causing inflammation of the lining with sores and scarring.

Ulcerative colitis also has inflammation, sores, and scarring but involves the large intestine and rectum.

IBD的人经常在粪便中找到血液和粘液，体验减肥，营养差和腹痛。

Other problems that might require an ileostomy include:

Getting an ileostomy will result in many changes to your life. However, you’ll be given training that will make this transition easier. You can talk with your doctor about how this procedure will affect your:

  • sex life
  • work
  • physical activities
  • future pregnancies

Make sure your doctor knows which supplements, medications, and herbs you’re taking. Many drugs affect the function of the intestine by slowing it down. This applies to over-the-counter as well as prescription medications. Your doctor may tell you to stop taking certain drugs two weeks before your surgery. Tell your doctor about conditions that you have, such as:

  • the flu
  • a cold
  • a herpes breakout
  • a fever

Smoking cigarettes makes it harder for your body to heal after surgery. If you’re a smoker, try to quit.

Drink lots of water and maintain a healthy diet in the weeks leading up to your surgery.

Follow your surgeon’s instructions regarding diet in the days prior to surgery. At some designated time, they may advise you to switch to clear liquids only. You’ll be advised not to consume anything, including water, for about 12 hours before surgery.

Your surgeon may also prescribe laxatives or enemas to empty your intestines.

An ileostomy is done in a hospital under general anesthesia.

After you’re unconscious, your surgeon will either make a cut down your midline or perform a laparoscopic procedure using smaller cuts and lighted instruments. You will know prior to the surgery which method is recommended for your condition. Depending on your condition, your surgeon may need to remove your rectum and colon.

There are several different types of permanent ileostomies.

For a standard ileostomy, the surgeon makes a small incision that will be the site of your ileostomy. They’ll pull a loop of your ileum through the incision. This part of your intestine is turned inside out, exposing the inner surface. It’s soft and pink, like the inside of a cheek. The part that sticks out is called a stoma. It may protrude up to 2 inches.

People with this type of ileostomy, also called a Brooke ileostomy, won’t have control of when their fecal waste flows into the external plastic pouch.

Another type of ileostomy is the continent, or Kock, ileostomy. Your surgeon uses part of your small intestine to form an internal pouch with an external stoma that serves as a valve. These are stitched to your abdominal wall. A few times per day you insert a flexible tube through the stoma and into the pouch. You expel your waste through this tube.

The advantages of the Kock ileostomy are that there’s no external pouch and you can control when you empty your waste. This procedure is known as a K-pouch procedure. It’s often the preferred method of ileostomy because it eliminates the need for an external pouch.

A different procedure, known as the J-pouch procedure, may be performed if you’ve had your entire colon and rectum removed. In this procedure, the doctor creates an internal pouch from the ileum that is then connected to the anal canal, allowing you to expel your waste through the usual route with no need for a stoma.

You’ll typically need to stay in the hospital for at least three days. It’s not uncommon to remain hospitalized for a week or even longer, especially if your ileostomy was done under emergency circumstances.

Your food and water intake will be limited for a while. On the day of your surgery, you may only get ice chips. Clear liquids will probably be allowed on the second day. Slowly, you’ll be able to eat more solid foods as your bowels adjust to the changes.

在手术后的早期，您可能有过多的肠道天然气。随着你的肠道愈合，这将减少。有些人发现每天消化四到五顿小餐，比三餐更好。您的医生可能会建议您避免某些食物一段时间。

在恢复过程中，您是否有内部或外部小袋，您将开始学习如何管理将收集浪费的袋子。您还将学会关心您的造口和周围的皮肤。来自您的对洛替氏术的排出中的酶可以刺激你的皮肤。您需要保持造口区清洁干燥。

If you have an ileostomy, you may find that you need to make big adjustments to your lifestyle. Some people seek help from an ostomy support group. Meeting other people who’ve adjusted their lifestyles after this surgery and have managed to return to their regular activities can ease any anxieties you have.

You can also find nurses who are specially trained in ileostomy management. They’ll ensure that you have a manageable lifestyle with your ileostomy.

Any surgery brings risks. These include:

  • infection
  • blood clot
  • bleeding
  • heart attack
  • 中风
  • difficulty breathing

风险是特定于回肠造口术nclude:

  • damage to the surrounding organs
  • 内部出血
  • an inability to absorb enough nutrients from food
  • urinary tract, abdominal, or lung infections
  • an intestinal blockage due to scar tissue
  • wounds that break open or take a long time to heal

You may have trouble with your stoma. If the skin around it is irritated or moist, you’ll have a hard time getting a seal with your ostomy pouch. This can result in a leakage. Your doctor can prescribe a medicated topical spray or powder to heal this irritated skin.

Some people hold their external pouch in place with a belt. If you wear the belt too tightly, it can lead to pressure ulcers.

您将有时间没有放电通过您的造口。但是，如果这持续超过四到六个小时，你觉得恶心或痉挛，请致电你的医生。你可能有肠梗阻。

有oleostomies的人也可能获得电解质失衡。当您缺乏血液中的重要物质，尤其是钠和钾时，会发生这种情况。如果您通过呕吐，汗水或腹​​泻减掉了大量流体，则会增加这种风险。务必补充失去的水，钾和钠。

Once you learn to take care of your new elimination system, you’ll be able to participate in most of your regular activities. People with ileostomies:

  • swim
  • hike
  • play sports
  • 在餐馆吃饭
  • camp
  • travel
  • work in most occupations

Heavy lifting can be a problem because it can aggravate your ileostomy. Talk to your doctor if your job requires heavy lifting.

有一个oleoStomy通常不会干扰性功能或有孩子的能力。它可能要求您教育您的性伴侣，他们可能不熟悉回肠术。在进步到亲密之前，您应该与伴侣讨论您的骨科。

Read this article in Spanish.