急性艾滋病毒，慢性艾滋病毒和艾滋病症状清单 Share on Pinterest
艾滋病毒具有多个感染阶段。在暴露后的早期阶段，症状可能包括流感或冷症状。当艾滋病毒仍然活跃在体内时，这可以自发解决。然后，它将发展为慢性感染，在该感染中，症状可能差异很大，但包括体重减轻，疲劳和无法解释的发烧。慢性阶段可以在急性阶段之后的任何时候发生，但可能不会立即发生。如果未经治疗，艾滋病毒可以发展为艾滋病，这是根据血液中循环的白细胞类型的数量诊断出来的。

HIV是损害免疫系统的病毒。目前无法治愈艾滋病毒，但是由于1980年代后期，，，，treatment in the form of antiretroviral drugs has been available to help reduce the impact of any symptoms.

在大多数情况下，一旦一个人感染了艾滋病毒，该病毒就会终生生命。但是，艾滋病毒症状与其他病毒感染的症状不同，因为它们是分阶段的。

如果未治疗，则由感染引起的疾病有三个阶段。每个都有不同的潜在症状和并发症。

但是，定期的抗逆转录病毒治疗可以将HIV降低到血液中无法检测到的水平。这意味着该病毒不会进入HIV感染的后期或传输to a partner during sex.

这first noticeable stage is primary HIV infection. This stage is also called acute retroviral syndrome (ARS), or急性HIV感染。

它通常会引起流感样的症状，因此在此阶段某人有可能认为他们患有严重的流感或其他病毒疾病而不是艾滋病毒。发烧是最常见的症状。

Other symptoms include:

根据the 疾病控制与预防中心（CDC） ，初次暴露后2至4周可能会出现原发性HIV症状。他们可以持续数周。但是，有些人可能只有几天的症状。

ARS is common once a person develops HIV. But this isn’t the case for everyone as, according toHIV.GOV，症状可能不会在十年或更长的时间内出现。

Although the virus replicates quickly in the weeks after contracting it, symptoms in early HIV only tend to show up if the rate of cell destruction is high.

This doesn’t mean that cases of HIV without symptoms are less serious or that an asymptomatic person can’t transmit the virus to others.

After initial exposure and possible primary infection, HIV may transition to the clinically latent infection stage. Due to a lack of symptoms in some people, this is also referred to as asymptomatic HIV infection.

根据HIV.GOV，，，，latency in HIV infection can last up to 10 or 15 years. This means that the virus is replicating much slower than before. But it doesn’t mean that HIV is gone, nor does it mean that the virus can’t be transmitted to others.

Although many people are asymptomatic during this stage, some may still have symptoms after the acute infection.

Symptoms of chronic HIV can vary, ranging from minimal to more severe. People may experience episodes of the following, particularly in advanced stages:

Clinically latent infection may progress to the third and final stage of HIV, known as艾滋病。这chance of progression is higher if a person with HIV isn’t receiving or adhering to treatment, such asantiretroviral therapy。

CD4 levels 低于200个细胞 每立方毫米（mm3) of blood is oneindicationthat HIV has progressed to its final stage. A normal range is 500 to 1,600 cells/mm3。

有时,艾滋病是通过一个人的决定overall health — it develops when HIV has significantly weakened the immune system and can lead to AIDS-defining conditions, such as certain infections and cancers, that are rare in people who don’t have HIV.

艾滋病的症状包括：

这 CDC 建议13至64岁之间的任何人get testedat least once for HIV.

建议每年至少进行一次接受艾滋病毒的个人进行一次测试。这可能包括人：

  • 出生时分配的男性（AMAB）与其他AMAB人发生性关系
  • who’ve had anal or vaginal sex with someone who is HIV-positive or whose status is unknown
  • 谁分享针头或注射器
  • who’ve recently been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (STI)
  • who’ve had a new sexual partner since their last HIV test

You can find a local testing sitehere。

这re are a few 不同类型的测试 ，每个都有不同的窗口周期- 潜在暴露于艾滋病毒的时间和测试何时能够检测病毒。如果您在过去的72小时内可能会接触艾滋病毒，请服用postexposure prophylaxis (PEP)可以帮助防止传播。

核酸测试通常能够在暴露后10至33天之间检测HIV感染。

Antigen/antibody tests using blood from a vein have a typical window period of 18 to 45 days, while finger prick antigen/antibody tests can be used 23 to 90 days after potential exposure.

A negative result should be double-checked with a second test after the window period.

还将通过后续测试（又称“确认性测试”）检查积极的结果。如果第二次测试呈阳性，您将被诊断出患有艾滋病毒。

Finding out that you’re HIV-positive can be difficult for some. But there are healthcare professionals out there who can help — both physically and emotionally.

Your usual clinician may be able to help directly or refer you to a one experienced with HIV. Alternatively, you can find a local clinician experienced with HIVhere。

It’s important to start treatment as soon as HIV is diagnosed. Consult a doctor or other healthcare professional if you experience any new or worsening symptoms.

这infection can be managed withantiretroviral drugs。这se will need to be taken during all stages of HIV — even if there aren’t any noticeable symptoms.

他们 reduce the amount of virus inside the body by stopping it from replicating, and can lower levels so significantly that the virus becomes undetectable.

因此，药物有助于防止疾病进展，维持生活质量，并可以阻止病毒通过性别传播给他人。

You may be given a combination of drugs to stop the virus from becoming resistant. The majority of people have an undetectable viral load在6个月内。

If this isn’t achievable, any sexual partners can be protected by taking a medicine calledpreexposure prophylaxis (PrEP)。避孕套还应用于帮助防止性生活传播。

Your clinician will 继续监视 通过病毒负荷测试血液中的HIV量并检查血液中CD4细胞的数量 - 这些有助于对抗感染。

If HIV progresses to AIDS, other medical interventions are usually necessary to treat AIDS-related illnesses or complications that can be fatal.

没有治疗，CDC估计平均值存活率to be 3 years once AIDS is diagnosed.

预防艾滋病毒的唯一有效方法是避免共享药物注射设备并放弃性别。

但是，有多种方法可以reduce the chance艾滋病毒感染。您可能：

HIV has three stages — each with its own set of symptoms.

第一个症状通常在暴露的几周内出现。但是，有些人直到几年后才出现任何症状。

Regular testing is crucial if you have a higher chance of contracting HIV. With swift and proper treatment, the infection and its symptoms can be managed, helping you and any sexual partners to stay as healthy as possible.

劳伦·沙基（Lauren Sharkey）is a U.K.-based journalist and author specializing in women’s issues. When she isn’t trying to discover a way to banish migraines, she can be found uncovering the answers to your lurking health questions. She has also written a book profiling young female activists across the globe and is currently building a community of such resisters. Catch her on推特。