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Goodheart healthis like a building block: It’s cumulative. This is particularly true when it comes tohigh cholesterol。

Cholesterol is a fatty substance your liver makes. It’s also found incertain foods。你的身体需要一些胆固醇正常工作。但有太多了低密度脂蛋白（LDL） - - 让你在危险中为有坏的胆固醇类型的heart attackorstroke。

According to the 疾病控制和预防中心（CDC） ，具有高胆固醇会针对风险heart disease。

性别和性别上存在频谱。本文将使用术语“男”，“女”或两者指在出生分配性。Click here to learn more.

你的总胆固醇水平是胆固醇在你的血液中发现的总量。它包括：

  • 低密度脂蛋白（LDL中）
  • high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
  • triglycerides

LDLis also called “bad” cholesterol because it blocks your blood vessels and increases your risk for heart disease.HDL被认为是“好”胆固醇，因为它可以帮助保护您免受心脏疾病。较高的高密度脂蛋白，就更好了。

Total cholesterol also includes atriglyceridecount. These are another type of fat that can build up in the body and are considered the “building blocks” of cholesterol.

甘油三酯和低HDL水平较高提高你的心脏疾病的风险。

这 American Heart Association 建议所有的成年人都有他们的胆固醇checked每4〜6年，从20岁的时候，也就是当胆固醇水平可以开始上升。

随着年龄的增长，胆固醇水平趋于上升。Menare generally at a higher risk than women for higher cholesterol. However, a woman’s risk goes up after she entersmenopause。

For those with high cholesterol and other cardiac risk factors, such as diabetes, more frequent testing is recommended.

Cholesterol chart for adults

According to the 2018 guidelines on the management of blood cholesterol published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology (JACC) 那these are the acceptable, borderline, and high measurements for adults.

All values are in mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) and are based on fasting measurements.

Total cholesterol HDL cholesterol LDL cholesterol Triglycerides
Good Less than 200 (but the lower the better) Ideal is 60 or higher; 40 or higher for men and 50 or higher for women is acceptable Less than 100; below 70 if coronary artery disease is present 小于149;理想的是<100
边缘到中度升高 200–239 n/a 130-159 150–199
High 240 or higher 60 or higher
160 or higher; 190 considered very high		 200或更高;500认为是非常高
Low n/a less than 40 for men and less than 50 for women n/a n/a

在男性与女性的胆固醇水平

Generally, guidelines are similar for men and women over the age of 20, though they differ when it comes to HDL cholesterol, as seen above. Women should aim for higher levels of HDL cholesterol.

孩子是谁体力活动那eat anutrient-dense diet，不超重，不具有family historyof high cholesterol are at a lower risk for having high cholesterol.

目前的指导方针 recommend that all children have their cholesterol checked between ages 9 and 11 years, and then again between ages 17 and 21 years.

与更多的风险因素，如患有糖尿病，肥胖或高血脂家族史的儿童，应该2岁和8岁的检查，并再次年龄在12岁至16岁之间。

儿童胆固醇图表

According to the JACC ，以下是为儿童推荐的胆固醇水平：

All values are in mg/dL:

Total cholesterol HDL cholesterol LDL cholesterol Triglycerides
Good 170或更小 大于45 Less than 110 Less than 75 in children 0–9; less than 90 in children 10–19
Borderline 170–199 40-45 110–129 75-99在孩子0-9;90-129儿童10-19
High 200或更高 n/a 130 or higher 100 or more in children 0–9; 130 or more in children 10–19
Low n/a Less than 40 n/a n/a

你的医生可能会建议治疗高胆固醇，包括生活方式的改变和潜在药物的计划。这会根据就像其他药物，你可能会考虑，你的年龄，性别和总体健康因素。

Here are some medications more commonly prescribed for high cholesterol:

  • 他汀类药物。Statinslower the LDL cholesterol levels by slowing the production of cholesterol by the liver.
  • Bile acidsequestrants。胆汁酸螯合剂are substances used in digestion. These resins can reduce cholesterol levels in the blood by binding to bile acids and removing them, forcing the body to break down LDL cholesterol to create bile acids instead.
  • 胆固醇吸收抑制剂。胆固醇吸收抑制剂can block the absorption of cholesterol from the diet, sometimes in conjunction with statins.
  • Bempedoic酸。Bempedoic acidhelps to stop an enzyme in the liver, ATP citrate lyase, from making cholesterol. This drug is often combined with statins for increased benefit for those with家族性高胆固醇那an inherited condition that can cause early heart disease.
  • PCSK9 inhibitors.Also used frequently with familial hypercholesterolemia,PCSK9 inhibitors，这是注射的药物，帮助肝脏吸收和清除血液中更多的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。

Medications can also be used to treat contributing factors to cholesterol like triglycerides. These may be used in addition to some of the medications above.

“一个误解是，人们可以有控制不良胆固醇几年，然后再决定采取行动。届时斑块可能已经建起来了，说：”Dr. Eugenia Gianos, director of cardiovascular prevention for Northwell Health in New York。

好消息是,改变生活方式是原因ably effective in helping you降低胆固醇水平。这y’re also fairly straightforward and can be done at any age and within most abilities.

  • 锻炼如果你能。体力活动可以帮助你减肥和提高你的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇。瞄准中等每天30至60分钟cardiovascular exercise那such as biking, jogging, swimming, and dancing, at least 5 times a week.
  • 多吃纤维。Try to add更多的纤维to your diet, such as replacing white bread and pasta withwhole grains。
  • Eat healthy fats:Healthy fatsinclude橄榄油那avocado那and certain坚果。这se are all fats that won’t raise your LDL levels.
  • Limit your cholesterol intake.减少的量high-saturated fatty foodslike cheese, whole milk, and高脂肪的红肉。
  • If you smoke, consider quitting.吸烟降低高密度脂蛋白胆sterol.Quitting can helpyou better manage your cholesterol levels.
  • 限制你的酒精摄入量。 这American Heart Association 建议适度，这意味着，平均饮酒，不超过每天两杯，男性不超过每天喝一杯酒的妇女。喝太多酒can raise levels of triglyceride fats in the bloodstream and lead to conditions such ashypertension (high blood pressure)and心房颤动。
  • Get to a healthy-for-you weight.Losing excess body weight can help lower your cholesterol levels.
  • Check your levels.你可以看医生或使用在家测试套件来检查你的胆固醇水平。您可以从LetsGetChecked在线购买检测试剂盒here。

这re are few noticeable symptoms of high cholesterol. Emergency symptoms such as a stroke or heart attack may be the only indicator of damage from high cholesterol. This means that regular monitoring by a doctor is essential.

大多数人应该得到他们的胆固醇验血检查每4至6年。如果你生活在以下任何你的医生可能会建议更频繁的筛选：

  • a history of heart conditions
  • family history of high cholesterol
  • high blood pressure
  • if you smoke
  • have overweight or obesity

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