高血压can lead to many serious health problems, such as heart attack, heart failure, stroke, and kidney disease. Treating high blood pressure early is important in preventing these and other problems.
Dozens of different medications can help treat high blood pressure. These drugs are called antihypertensives. They’re divided into many different categories, each of which works differently and causes different side effects.
有这么多选择,找到最好的啊ne for you may take some time and patience. Your doctor will work with you to find the best treatment plan for you, which may include one or more medications.
Diureticsare some of the most commonly used drugs for treating high blood pressure. They help the kidneys get rid of excess water and sodium, or salt. This reduces the volume of blood that needs to pass through your blood vessels, which lowers your blood pressure.
There are three major types of diuretics: thiazide, potassium-sparing, and loop diuretics. Thiazide diuretics generally have fewer side effects than the others. This is especially true when they’re prescribed in the low doses that are generally used in treating early high blood pressure.
Examples of thiazide diuretics include:
- chlorthalidone (Hygroton)
- 氯噻嗪（Diuril）
- 氢氯噻嗪（Hydrodiuril，Microzide）
- 吲核酰胺（Lozol）
- metolazone（Zaroxolyn）
Examples of potassium-sparing diuretics include:
- 阿米洛德（Midamor）
- spironolactone(Aldactone)
- triamterene (Dyrenium)
循环利尿剂的示例包括：
- 弹甲酰胺（Bumex）
- furosemide (Lasix)
- Torsemide（Demadex）
Examples of combination diuretics include:
- amiloride hydrochloride/hydrochlorothiazide (Moduretic)
- 螺内酯/氢氯噻嗪（醛氮）
- triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide (Dyazide, Maxzide)
β受体阻滞剂通过阻止化学物质在你的行动body that stimulate your heart. This allows your heart to beat with less speed and force. Your heart pumps less blood through the blood vessels with each beat, so blood pressure decreases.
Examples of these drugs include:
- acebutolol (Sectral)
- atenolol(Tenormin)
- Betaxolol（Kerlone）
- bisoprolol (Zebeta)
- bisoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide (Ziac)
- metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor)
- 美托洛尔琥珀酸酯（Toprol-XL）
- nadolol (Corgard)
- pindolol (Visken)
- propranolol（内部）
- solotol (Betapace)
- timolol (Blocadren)
ACE inhibitorskeep the body from making a hormone called angiotensin II, which causes blood vessels to narrow. These medications lower blood pressure by helping constricted blood vessels expand to let more blood through.
ACE抑制剂的例子包括：
- benazepril (Lotensin)
- captopril (Capoten)
- enalapril (Vasotec)
- fosinopril (Monopril)
- Lisinopril（Prinivil，Zestril）
- Moexipril（Univasc）
- perindopril (Aceon)
- quinapril (Accupril)
- 拉米普里（Altace）
- trandolapril (Mavik)
This class of drugs also protects the blood vessels from angiotensin II. In order to tighten blood vessels, angiotensin II must bind with a receptor site.阿布斯prevent that from happening. As a result, blood pressure is lowered.
Examples of ARBs include:
- Candesartan（Atacand）
- eprosartan (Teveten)
- irbesartan (Avapro)
- Losartan(Cozaar)
- telmisartan (Micardis)
- valsartan (Diovan)
为了移动，所有肌肉都需要钙才能流入和流出肌肉细胞。Calcium channel blockershelp block calcium from entering the smooth muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels.
这使得心脏用较少的力跳动，并帮助血管放松。结果，血压降低。
Examples of these drugs include:
- 氨氯地平(Norvasc, Lotrel)
- diltiazem (Cardizem CD, Cardizem SR, Dilacor XR, Tiazac)
- Felodipine（Plendil）
- isradipine (DynaCirc, DynaCirc CR)
- nicardipine (Cardene SR)
- nifedipine (Adalat CC, Procardia XL)
- 尼索迪平（sular）
- Verapamil（Calan SR，Covera HS，Isoptin SR，Verelan）
In certain situations, your body makes hormones called catecholamines. These hormones can bind to parts of cells called alpha-receptors. When this occurs, your blood vessels narrow and your heart beats faster and with more force. These actions cause your blood pressure to rise.
α受体阻滞剂work by blocking catecholamines from binding to alpha-receptors. As a result, blood can flow through the blood vessels more freely, and your heart beats normally. This helps lower your blood pressure.
α受体阻滞剂的示例包括：
- doxazosin (Cardura)
- prazosin（小石）
- terazosin (Hytrin)
α-β受体阻滞剂具有综合效果。它们阻止了儿茶酚胺激素与α-受体受体的结合。因此，它们可以像α受体阻滞剂一样减少血管的收缩。他们还像β受体阻滞剂一样降低了心跳的速度和力量。
Examples of alpha-beta-blockers include:
- carvedilol (Coreg)
- labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate)
这些药物使大脑无法向神经系统发送消息，告诉其释放儿茶酚胺。结果，心脏不会像硬性一样轻松，血液流动更容易，从而降低血压。
Examples of central agonists include:
- Methldopa（Aldomet）
- 可乐定（弹射器）
- guanfacine (Tenex)
血管扩张器放松血管壁上的肌肉, especially in small arteries called arterioles. This widens the blood vessels and allows blood to flow through them more easily. As a result, blood pressure falls.
Examples of vasodilators include:
- hydralazine (Apresoline)
- minoxidil (Loniten)
醛固酮受体拮抗剂通过阻断一种称为醛固酮的化学物质来起作用。此动作减少了您的身体保留的液体，这有助于降低血压。
醛固酮受体拮抗剂的例子包括：
- eplerenone（inspra）
- 螺内酯（醛酮）
A newer type of blood pressure medication is called direct renin inhibitors (DRIs). These drugs block a chemical in your body called renin. This action helps widen your blood vessels, which lowers your blood pressure.
The only type of DRI that is currently available in the United States is:
- aliskiren (Tekturna)
For most people, the first-choice medication for high blood pressure is a thiazide diuretic. For other people, a diuretic alone is not enough to control blood pressure. In these cases, a diuretic may be combined with a beta-blocker, ACE inhibitor, angiotensin II receptor blocker, or calcium channel blocker. Adding a second medication may lower your blood pressure more quickly than using a diuretic alone. Also, it allows you to take less of each medication, which may reduce side effects.
Combination drugs
如果您的医生认为您需要多种药物来管理您的血压，则可能会开一种组合药物。例如，他们可能会开出具有利尿剂的β受体阻滞剂或带有钙通道阻滞剂的ARB。
使用这些组合药物可能比每天服用几种不同的药物更方便。
提供许多治疗高血压的组合药物。示例包括：
- triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide (Dyazide) — triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide are both diuretics
- 瓦尔萨坦/氢氯噻嗪（Diovan HCT） - 瓦尔萨坦是ARB，氢氯噻嗪是利尿剂
治疗多种条件
The type of blood pressure medication your doctor prescribes may depend on what other health problems you have. For example, if you havecoronary artery disease (CAD)and high blood pressure, your doctor may prescribe a beta-blocker. If you have had a myocardial infarction due to CAD, a beta-blocker can lower your blood pressure and decrease your overall risk of death.
If you havediabetes，您的医生可以选择ACE抑制剂或ARB。那是因为这些药物可以通过降低肾脏的血压来帮助保护肾脏免受糖尿病损害。
高血压是一种严重的疾病，需要治疗以防止更严重的健康问题。
Don’t worry if you’re confused by all of your medication options. Your doctor can tell you which drugs might work best for you. Together, you can put together a treatment plan to get your blood pressure under control.
Some questions to ask your doctor include:
- 我需要药物来控制血压吗？
- 我是否有血压药物某些副作用的高风险？
- 我是否服用其他可能与血压药物相互作用的药物？
- 组合血压药物对我来说是一个不错的选择吗？
- 您是否建议改善饮食和运动来降低血压？