什么是肝腺瘤？

肝腺瘤是一种罕见的良性肝肿瘤。良性意味着它不是癌变。它也称为肝细胞腺瘤或肝细胞腺瘤。

肝腺瘤极为罕见。它通常会影响女性，并且has been linkedto the use of避孕药。

继续阅读以了解这种非癌性肝肿瘤的症状，原因，诊断和治疗。

Hepatic adenoma doesn’t often cause symptoms. Sometimes it causes mild symptoms, though, such as pain, nausea, or a full feeling. This typically occurs when the tumor is large enough to put pressure on neighboring organs and tissues.

除非破裂，否则您可能不知道自己患有肝腺瘤。破裂的肝腺瘤是严重的。它可能导致：

  • 突然的腹痛
  • 低血压
  • internal bleeding

在极少数情况下，它可能会威胁生命。

As imaging tests improve, it’s becoming more common to discover hepatic adenomas before they rupture and cause symptoms.

The most common risk factor for hepatic adenoma is the use of estrogen-based oral contraceptive pills. Your risk increases with prolonged use and with high-estrogen doses.

怀孕也会增加您的风险。妊娠刺激与这些肿瘤发展有关的某些激素的释放。

其他不太常见的风险因素包括：

  • 类固醇的使用
  • 巴比妥酸盐使用
  • type 1 diabetes
  • hemochromatosis，或血液中过多的铁
  • 糖原储存疾病1型（von Gierke病）和3型（Cori或Forbes病）
  • metabolic syndrome
  • being overweight or obese

If a liver tumor is suspected, your doctor might suggest tests to identify the tumor and its cause. They might also suggest tests to rule out other potential diagnoses.

一个ultrasoundis often one of the first steps your doctor will take to help them make a diagnosis. If your doctor finds a large mass through an ultrasound, additional tests might be required to confirm that the mass is a hepatic adenoma.

其他成像测试，例如CT scansandMRI, can be used to learn more about the tumor.

如果肿瘤很大，您的医生也可能建议进行活检。在biopsy，从质量中去除小组织样品并在显微镜下进行评估。

There are four proposed types of hepatic adenoma:

  • 炎症
  • HNF1A突变
  • β-catenin激活
  • unclassified

根据2013 review：

  • 炎症性肝腺瘤是最常见的类型。在大约40％到50％的案件中可以看到它。
  • HNF1A突变type is seen in approximately 30 to 40 percent of cases.
  • β-catenin激活is seen in 10 to 15 percent of cases.
  • 大约10％至25％的肝腺瘤病例未分类。

每种类型都与不同的危险因素相关联。但是，肝腺瘤的类型通常不会改变建议的治疗方法。

Tumors that are under 2 inches in length are rarely associated with complications. If you have a small tumor, your doctor might suggest monitoring the tumor over time instead of treating it. You might also be asked to stop taking birth control pills to slow the growth of the tumor.

研究 suggests that most small hepatic adenomas tend to remain stable during observation periods. A small percentage of them disappear. Your doctor can use an ultrasound to monitor the size of the tumor.

如果您的肿瘤大，您的医生可能建议肝切除手术去除肿瘤。那是因为大肿瘤更有可能导致并发症，例如自发破裂和出血。

建议手术：

  • 当肝腺瘤长度超过2英寸时
  • 对于无法停止服用避孕药的人
  • for men with hepatic adenomas
  • for inflammatory and β-catenin activated hepatic adenoma types

When left untreated, hepatic adenomas can rupture spontaneously. This can cause abdominal pain and internal bleeding. A ruptured hepatic adenoma requires immediate medical treatment.

在极少数情况下，未经处理的肝腺瘤可能会变成癌。当肿瘤很大时，这更有可能。

一些 studies 表明β-catenin激活的肝腺瘤更有可能变成癌性。需要进行其他研究来了解肝腺瘤类型与癌症之间的联系。

肝腺瘤极为罕见。该肿瘤通常与使用避孕药有关，但在男性或不服用避孕药的女性中也可以看到。

肝腺瘤可能不会引起任何症状。这可能使您难以知道您是否拥有它。在极少数情况下，未经处理的肝腺瘤会导致严重的并发症。

肝腺瘤是可以治疗的。长期前景对患有这种情况的人有好处，当它被识别和对待时。