Overview
痛风is caused by the formation of urate crystals in body tissues. It usually occurs in or around joints and results in a painful type of关节炎.
当血液中的尿酸过多时，尿酸盐晶体沉积在组织中。当人体分解称为嘌呤的物质时，会产生这种化学物质。血液中的尿酸过多也称为高尿酸血症.
痛风can be caused by decreased excretion of uric acid, increased production of uric acid, or a high dietary intake of purines.
尿酸排泄减少是痛风的最常见原因。尿酸通常被肾脏从身体中清除。当这种情况没有有效地发生时，您的尿酸水平增加。
The cause may be hereditary, or you may have肾脏问题that make you less able to remove uric acid.
铅中毒和某些药物，喜欢利尿剂和immunosuppressant drugs, can cause kidney damage that may lead to uric acid retention. Uncontrolled糖尿病和高血压can also reduce kidney function.
尿酸产生增加can also cause gout. In most cases, the cause of increased uric acid production is unknown. It can be caused by enzyme abnormalities and can happen in conditions including:
它也可能是作为副作用的chemotherapy或者放射治疗，由于遗传异常或由于肥胖.
Purines are natural chemical components of DNA and RNA. When your body breaks them down, they turn into uric acid. Some purines are found naturally in the body. However, a diet high in purines can lead to gout.
有些食物的嘌呤含量特别高，可以升高血液中的尿酸水平。这些高硫磺食品包括：
- 或者gan meats, such as kidneys, liver, and sweetbreads
- red meat
- oily fish, such as sardines, anchovies, and herring
- certain vegetables, including asparagus and cauliflower
- 豆子
- 蘑菇
在许多情况下，痛风或高尿酸血症的确切原因尚不清楚。医生认为这可能是由于遗传性，荷尔蒙或饮食因素的结合。在某些情况下，药物治疗或某些医疗状况也可能导致痛风症状.
Age and gender
男性比女性更有可能患有痛风症状。大多数男人被诊断出between 30 and 50 years of age. In women, the disease is most prevalent after绝经.
痛风在儿童和年轻人中很少见。
Family history
有人blood relativeswho have gout are more likely to be diagnosed with this condition themselves.
药物
There are several medications that can increase your risk of gout. These include:
- Daily low-dose aspirin.Low-dose aspirin is commonly used to preventheart attack和stroke.
- Thiazide diuretics.These medications are used to treat high blood pressure,充血性心力衰竭（CHF）, and other conditions.
- Immunosuppressant drugs.Immunosuppressant drugs, such as环孢菌素（Neoral，Sandimmune），在或者gan移植对于某些人rheumatologic conditions.
- Levodopa (Sinemet).这是针对患有Parkinson’s disease.
- 烟酸。也称为维生素B-3，niacinis used to increase高密度脂蛋白（HDL）in the blood.
酒精消耗
Moderate to heavy drinking增加风险痛风。这通常意味着大多数男性每天每天多喝两杯，或者每天为65岁以上的所有妇女或任何男性。
Beer in particular has been implicated, and the beverage is high in purines. However, a 2014学习确认葡萄酒，啤酒和酒都可能引起痛风的反复攻击。Learn more about the relationship between alcohol and gout.
Lead exposure
暴露于高水平的铅也与痛风有关。
其他健康状况
患有以下疾病和条件的人更有可能患有痛风：
其他可能扳机痛风攻击包括：
- 关节伤害
- 感染
- surgery
- crash diets
- rapid lowering of uric acid levels through medication
- dehydration
You can decrease your chances of developing gout by watching your alcohol intake and eating a diet low in purines. Other causes of gout, such as kidney damage or a family history, are impossible to counteract.
Talk to your doctor if you’re concerned about your chances of developing gout.
They can come up with a plan to reduce your chances of developing the condition. For instance, if you have risk factors for gout (such as a particular medical condition), they may consider that before recommending certain types of drugs.
However, if you do develop gout, rest assured that the condition可以管理通过药物，饮食变化和替代治疗的结合。