什么是贾第鞭毛病？

贾第鞭毛病是您小肠中的一种感染。它是由一个称为的微观寄生虫引起的贾迪亚·兰布利亚（Giardia Lamblia）。贾第鞭毛疾病通过与受感染的人接触而传播。您可以通过进食获得贾第鞭毛病毒contaminated foodor drinking contaminated water. Pet dogs and cats also frequently contract giardia.

This condition can be found all over the world, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, it’s more common in overcrowded developing countries that lack sanitary conditions and water quality control.

G. lambliaare found in animal and human feces. These寄生虫also thrive in contaminated food, water, and soil, and can survive outside a host for long periods of time. Accidentally consuming these parasites can lead to aninfection。

获得贾第鞭病病的最常见方法是喝含有的水G. lamblia。Contaminated water can be in swimming pools, spas, and bodies of water, such as lakes. Sources of contamination include animal feces, diapers, and agricultural runoff.

从食物中收缩贾第鞭毛疾病并不常见，因为热量会杀死寄生虫。处理食物或食用在受污染的水中冲洗的农产品时，卫生不良会使寄生虫传播。

贾diasisalso spreads through personal contact. For example, unprotected anal sex can pass the infection from one person to another.

Changing a child’s diaper or picking up the parasite while working in a day care center are also common ways to become infected. Children are at high risk for giardiasis because they’re likely to encounter feces when wearing diapers or potty training.

有些人可以携带贾第虫的寄生虫，而不会出现任何症状。贾第鞭毛疾病的症状通常在暴露后一两周出现。常见症状包括：

You may have to submit one or morestool samplesfor testing. A technician will check your stool sample for giardia parasites. You could have to submit more samples during treatment. Your doctor may also perform anenteroscopy。此过程涉及将柔软的管子沿喉咙延伸到小肠中。这将使您的医生可以检查您的digestive tract并服用tissue sample。

在大多数情况下，贾第鞭毛疾病最终自行清除。如果您的感染严重或长时间，您的医生可能会开药。大多数医生会建议使用抗寄生虫药物治疗，而不是让它自行清理。某些抗生素通常用于治疗贾第鞭毛病：

  • Metronidazoleis an antibiotic that needs to be taken for five to seven days. It can cause nausea and leave a嘴里的金属味。
  • 替替唑与甲硝唑一样有效，并且经常以单剂量治疗贾第鞭毛酸。
  • Nitazoxanide is a popular option for children because it’s available in liquid form and only needs to be taken for three days.
  • 偏霉素引起的机会较低birth defects比其他抗生素，尽管孕妇应该等到分娩后才服用任何贾第鞭毛疾病。在5至10天的过程中，该药物分为三剂。

贾diasiscan lead to complications such as weight loss and脱水从腹泻。感染也可能导致乳糖不耐症在某些人中。患有贾第鞭毛病的5岁以下儿童有可能malnutrition，这会干扰他们的身心发展。

您无法阻止贾第鞭毛病毒，但是您可以通过彻底洗手来降低获取它的风险，尤其是如果您在细菌轻松传播的地方（例如日托中心）工作。

Ponds, streams, rivers, and other bodies of water can all be sources of giardia. Don’t swallow water if you go swimming in one of these. Avoid drinking surface water unless it’s been boiled, treated with碘, or filtered. Bring bottled water with you when you go hiking or camping.

在发生贾第鞭毛虫病的地区旅行时，不要喝自来水。您还应该避免用自来水刷牙。请记住，自来水也可以存在于冰和其他饮料中。避免吃未煮过的当地农产品。

Be cautious about sexual practices associated with the spread of this infection, such as anal sex.Use a condomto reduce the chance of contracting giardiasis.

贾第鞭病病感染通常持续约六到八周，但是乳糖不耐症can persist after the infection clears up.