您的胆囊是一个位于右上腹的小器官,右下方。这是一个储存胆汁的袋子,一种绿色黄色液体,有助于消化。当某些东西阻挡它的胆管 - 就像胆结石时,通常会发生胆囊的问题。
Most gallstones are created when substances that are found in bile, like cholesterol, harden.
胆结石非常常见,常规无症状。但是,关于
胆结石可以导致右上腹或胃部的疼痛。在吃高脂肪的食物之后,您可能会出现胆囊疼痛,例如油炸食品,但疼痛几乎可以随时发生。
Pain caused by gallstone issues usually lasts for only a few hours, but it can feel severe.
如果胆结石未经治疗或未识别,症状可能会增加:
- 高温
- 心跳加速
- 黄色的皮肤和白人的白人(黄疸的)
- 痒皮
- 腹泻
- chills
- 困惑
- 失去食欲
这些symptoms can be signs of a gallbladder infection, or inflammation of the gallbladder, liver, or pancreas.
Because gallstone symptoms may mimic the symptoms of other serious issues like阑尾炎和胰腺炎,无论如何,如果您正在处理其中一个或多个问题 - 是时候去看医生或让自己到呃。
无症状胆结石
Gallstones themselves don’t cause pain. Rather, pain occurs when gallstones block the movement of bile from the gallbladder.
根据这一点美国美食学院,约有80%的胆结石有“无声胆结石”。这意味着它们不会经历疼痛或有症状。在这些情况下,您的医生可能会发现来自X射线或腹部手术期间的胆结石。
The actual cause of gallstones is thought to be due to a chemical imbalance of bile inside of the gallbladder. While researchers still aren’t clear about what exactly causes that imbalance to happen, there are a few possible reasons:
胆汁中的胆固醇太多了
太多了胆固醇在你的胆汁中可以导致黄色胆固醇的石头。如果你的肝脏比你的胆汁溶解更多的胆固醇,这些硬石可能会发展。
你的胆汁中的胆红素太多了
胆红素is a chemical produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. After it’s created, it passes through the liver and is eventually excreted out of the body.
Some conditions, such as liver damage and certain blood disorders, cause your liver to produce more bilirubin than it should. Pigment gallstones form when your gallbladder can’t break down the excess bilirubin. These hard stones are often dark brown or black.
由于完整的胆囊,浓缩胆汁
您的胆囊needs to be able to empty its bile to function properly. If it fails to empty its bile content, the bile becomes overly concentrated, which can cause stones to form.
大多数时候,除非他们造成痛苦,否则你不会需要治疗胆结石。有时你可以通过甚至注意到胆结石。如果您处于痛苦,您的医生可能会推荐手术。在极少数情况下,可以使用药物。
If you’re at high risk for surgery complications, there are a few nonsurgical ways to attempt to treat gallstones. However, if surgery isn’t performed, your gallstones may come back — even with additional treatment. This means you may need to keep an eye on your condition for the majority of your life.
Surgery
胆囊切除术,即手术以除去胆囊,是
胆囊切除术有两种类型:
- 腹腔镜胆囊切除术。这是一个需要全身麻醉的常见手术。外科医生通常会在腹部制作三个或四个切口。然后,他们将将一个小型的点亮设备插入其中一个切口,检查石头,并小心地取出胆囊。您通常可以在程序的当天回家,或者如果您没有并发症的那一天。
- 开放的胆囊切除术。当胆囊发炎,感染或疤痕时,通常进行这种手术。如果在腹腔镜胆囊切除术期间发生问题,也可能发生这种手术。
胆囊拆除后,您可能会出现松散或含水的粪便。去除胆囊涉及从肝脏到小肠重新排出胆汁。胆汁不再穿过胆囊,它变得更少集中。直接结果是一种泻药效果,可能导致腹泻,但这个问题应该为大多数人自行解决。
非诊断治疗
如果无法进行手术,诸如患者是一个更老的人,还有一些其他方式医生可以试图摆脱你的胆结石。
- 口服溶解治疗通常包括使用药物Ursodiol.(Actigall)和Chenodiol(Chenix)分解胆结石。这些药物含有胆汁酸,这是为了分解石头。这种治疗最适合分解胆固醇的石头,并且可能需要多个月或多年才能完全工作。
- 冲击波碎石尺寸是另一种选择。碎石鞋是一种机器,产生通过一个人的冲击波。这些冲击波可以打破胆结石进入较小的碎片。
- 经皮的胆囊引流involves placing a sterile needle into the gallbladder to aspirate (draw out) bile. A tube is then inserted to help with additional drainage. This procedure isn’t typically a first line of defense and tends to be an option for individuals who may not be suited for other procedures.
一些胆结石di相关的危险因素et, while other factors are not as controllable. Uncontrollable risk factors are things like age, race, sex, and family history.
生活方式风险因素
- 和...一起生活obesity
- 脂肪或胆固醇中的饮食和纤维低
- 正在进行快速减肥
- 用2型糖尿病生活
遗传危险因素
- 出生的女性
- being of Native American or Mexican descent
- 拥有胆结石的家族史
- being 60 years or older
医疗风险因素
- 和...一起生活肝硬化
- being pregnant
- taking certain medications to lower cholesterol
- 服用具有高雌激素含量的药物(如某些避孕药)
While some medications may increase your risk of gallstones, don’t stop taking them unless you have discussed it with your doctor and have their approval.
您的医生将进行体检,包括检查您的眼睛和皮肤,以获得颜色的可见变化。黄色调可能是黄疸的标志,这是你身体中胆红素过多的结果。
考试可能涉及使用诊断测试,帮助您的医生在身体内部看到。这些测试包括:
- 超声波。一个超声生成腹部的图像。确认你有胆结石病的首选成像方法。它还可以显示与急性胆囊炎相关的异常。
- 腹部CT扫描。这成像测试拍摄肝脏和腹部地区的照片。
- 胆囊放射性核素扫描。这重要扫描takes about one hour to complete. A specialist injects a radioactive substance into your veins. The substance travels through your blood to the liver and gallbladder. On a scan, it can reveal evidence to suggest infection or blockage of the bile ducts from stones.
- Blood tests.你的医生可以订购血液测试测量血液中胆红素的量。测试还有助于确定您的肝脏功能如何运行。
为了帮助改善您的病情并降低胆结石的风险,请尝试这些提示:
- 少吃精制的碳水化合物(如饼干和白面包)和较少的糖。
- 增加你的摄入量健康的脂肪, 喜欢鱼油和橄榄油,可以通过定期帮助您的胆囊合同并清空。
- 吃适当量的纤维每天(女性需要每天约25克,男人每天需要大约38克)。
- Get some sort of physical activity every day.
- Keep yourself properly hydrated.
If you plan to lose weight, do it slowly. Rapid weight loss may increase your risk of gallstones and other health problems.
虽然没有万无一失的方式来完全防止胆结石,但胆固醇似乎在他们的形成中发挥着重要作用。如果您有胆结石的家族历史,您的医生可以建议您限制具有高饱和脂肪含量的食物。其中一些食物包括:
- fatty meat, like sausage and bacon
- 蛋糕和饼干
- lard and cream
- certain cheeses
因为肥胖的人更倾向于胆结石,所以保持你的体重在适度范围内是另一种限制其形成可能性的方法。
If your doctor has diagnosed you with gallstones and decides you need surgery to remove them or your gallbladder, the outlook is often positive. In most cases of stone removal, stones don’t return.
如果您不能进行手术并决定服用药物以溶解石头,胆结石可以返回,所以您和您的医生需要监控您的进度。
如果你的胆结石没有引起症状,你很可能不需要做任何事情。尽管如此,您可能希望使生活方式更改以防止它们变得更大并导致问题。