- 与年龄相关的黄斑变性（AMD）导致由于眼睛中的血管泄漏而引起的快速和进行性中央视力丧失。
- Early treatment can reduce the amount of vision loss you experience.
- 密切monitoring the condition, you can identify early changes, which will help you benefit from prompt treatment.
You’ve likely heard of the retina before. It’s the surface at the back of each eye that captures images and sends them along the optic nerve to your brain.
每个视网膜的中心是一个称为黄斑的区域。您的黄斑处理中央愿景，并帮助您专注于驾驶，查看细节，识别面孔和阅读本文等任务。
如果您的黄斑变性，黄斑中的细胞会降解。这会影响您的愿景。
At first, you may not be aware of any vision loss, but your eye doctor will be able to see changes to your retina. As macular degeneration progresses, you will begin to notice vision loss.
黄斑变性是由环境和遗传因素的组合引起的。当它在55岁以上的人中发现时，通常称其为年龄相关的黄斑变性（AMD）。
根据American Macular Degeneration Foundation, about 85 to 90 percent of AMD diagnoses are dry (atrophic) AMD. Atrophic refers to the macula’s decrease in size. The remaining 10 to 15 percent are wet (exudative) AMD. Exudative means leaking fluid.
With dry AMD, the photoreceptor and retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells in the macula deteriorate and die. This can progress to wet AMD when cell death causes an abnormal growth of blood vessels in the area. When these vessels leak and bleed, they damage your central vision.
潮湿和干燥的AMD都会导致中央视力恶化，但是这种变化在湿AMD中的发生速度更快。与干燥AMD不同，湿AMD可能会在几周内影响您的视力，这可能需要几年的时间才会导致视力丧失。
Symptoms
使用湿AMD，您的视野中间可能有空白或模糊的区域。您可能还会遇到视觉失真，例如直线或表面似乎是弯曲或波浪形的。
低光可能会引起视觉挑战，并且您可能无法像过去那样轻松地识别面孔。
You might even experience a visual hallucination called Charles Bonnet syndrome. This happens when your brain tries to compensate for your vision interruption by inserting images that aren’t real, such as flowers or animals. It’s important to remember that this type of hallucination is part of vision loss and doesn’t indicate reduced mental capacity.
湿AMD无法治愈，但是迅速治疗可以减缓其进展并有助于缓解症状。
生活方式改变
生活方式改变can protect your vision. Exercise regularly, maintain a healthy weight for your body size, eat nutritious food like dark, leafy greens, manage your blood pressure and cholesterol, and avoid smoking. Protect your eyes from sunlight with hats and sunglasses that offer 100 percent ultraviolet protection.
维生素可以帮助防止干燥的AMD变为湿AMD。两项大型研究，
例如，在AREDS研究中，研究人员发现，与抗氧化剂，锌和铜的组合进行处理时，患有高级AMD的高风险将其进度风险降低了约25％。但是，对于早期AMD或没有AMD的人来说，没有任何好处。
处方药
抗血管内皮生长因子（抗VEGF）注入眼睛可以减少异常的血管形成。通常，这些注射一次每4到8周一次。
大多数接受抗VEGF药物治疗的患者（例如阿瓦斯汀，贝弗，伊利和卢金蒂斯）都保持视力，甚至可能恢复以前失去的一些视力。
Surgical options
Laser treatments can reduce the number of abnormal blood vessels in the eye and help minimize the amount they leak.
An intraocular lens (IOL) can also be surgically implanted into the eye to redirect incoming images to an undamaged area of the retina. Several different types of IOLs can be used, including an implantable miniature telescope (IMT).
Slowing progression from dry to wet AMD
If you have dry AMD, ask your doctor how to self-monitor for signs that your condition is progressing to wet AMD. If identified early, treatment can reduce vision damage.
Your doctor may recommend that you perform a daily vision check using anAmsler Grid。该网格可帮助您检查视力的变化，表明您可能会从治疗中受益。
没有治疗，湿AMD会导致快速，进行性的中央视力丧失。Even though wet AMD makes up only about10％of macular degeneration diagnoses, it accounts for around 90 percent of the significant loss of vision from this condition.
如果您已经经历了一些视力丧失，那么职业疗法可以帮助您学习以减少视力的策略。治疗师可以教您如何修改环境并在日常活动中利用外围视野。
You may feel anxiety or depression, a common occurrence with vision loss. A mental health professional can help you explore therapy options that can help.
Ongoing research aims to increase treatment effectiveness for wet AMD. Areas of investigation include gene therapy to help your eyes make their own anti-VEGF medication.
其他有希望的想法包括一个可植入的端口，该端口将药物慢慢释放到眼睛和可持续时间更长且需要更少注射的药物中。