戒断雷尼丁

In April 2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requested that all forms of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) ranitidine (Zantac) be removed from the U.S. market. This recommendation was made because unacceptable levels of NDMA, a probable carcinogen (cancer-causing chemical), were found in some ranitidine products. If you’re prescribed ranitidine, talk with your doctor about safe alternative options before stopping the drug. If you’re taking OTC ranitidine, stop taking the drug and talk with your healthcare provider about alternative options. Instead of taking unused ranitidine products to a drug take-back site, dispose of them according to the product’s instructions or by following the FDA’s 指导 。

An esophageal ulcer is a type ofpeptic ulcer。It’s a painful sore located in the lining of the lower part of the esophagus, at the junction of the esophagus and stomach. Your esophagus is the tube connecting your throat to your stomach.

食管溃疡通常形式的一个我nfection with a bacterium called幽门螺杆菌。它也可能是由侵蚀从胃酸移动到食道中的侵蚀引起的。在某些情况下，来自酵母和病毒的其他感染也可以导致食管溃疡。

An esophageal ulcer can be painful. Fortunately, medications and lifestyle changes can help you recover from an esophageal ulcer.

食管溃疡最常见的症状是胸部灼痛。疼痛可以轻度或严重。食管溃疡的其他症状包括：

  • 恶心
  • 消化不良
  • 酸回流（胃灼热的）
  • 腹胀
  • vomiting
  • lack of appetite
  • pain when swallowing
  • dry cough
  • sour taste in the mouth

However, some people don’t experience any symptoms at all.

过去，医生认为溃疡是由压力或辛辣的食物引起的。现在已知这不是这种情况，尽管这些因素可能会加剧现有的溃疡。

通常，食管溃疡是由已知的细菌引起的Helicobacter pylori， 要么H. Pylori.简而言之。细菌会损害食管的粘膜衬里。这使得食道更容易受到胃酸损伤的影响。

A chronic condition known asgastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)may also eventually lead to an esophageal ulcer. People with GERD have frequent acid reflux.

Acid reflux occurs when stomach contents move backward into the esophagus. This can happen when the lower esophageal sphincter (the muscle that tightens to prevent food in the stomach from moving back up) is weakened or damaged so it doesn’t close properly.

People with GERD experience acid reflux more than twice a week.

Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and frequent use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, can also damage the mucosal lining of the esophagus and result in an ulcer. Genetics can also play a role.

Several pills, such as potassium, may cause esophageal irritation and ulcer, especially if taken without sufficient water or lying down immediately after taking. Whenever you take any types of pills, it’s important to swallow them with plenty of water.

在受损免疫系统的人中，食管溃疡可能是由其他细菌，真菌或病毒感染引起的，包括：

食管溃疡的治疗取决于原因。如果你的溃疡是由感染引起的H. Pylori., for example, your doctor will prescribe antibiotics to kill the bacteria.

If your ulcer is caused by NSAID use, your doctor will tell you to stop taking NSAIDs. They might prescribe a different pain medication.

Your doctor may have you take over-the-counterH2 receptor blockerssuch as Pepcid to help decrease stomach acid. They may also prescribe a质子泵抑制因素（PPI）保护您的食道并让它愈合。

These drugs work by stopping the production of stomach acid in a different way. PPIs include:

仔细聆听您的医生的指示。您可能必须长时间服用PPI。将所有药物视为指示并完成所有抗生素，因此溃疡有机会完全愈合。

根据溃疡的原因，您也可能需要服用抗真菌或抗病毒药物。

Your symptoms might go away within a few days of starting treatment. Even still, it’s important to continue taking your medications for as long as your doctor tells you to do so. Be sure to drink plenty of water and remain upright after swallowing any pills.

While you take your medications, you can speed your recovery by making a few simple, healthy lifestyle changes. These include:

  • 寻找减轻压力的方法，例如锻炼或服用瑜伽课程
  • 得到足够的睡眠
  • 在水果，蔬菜和全谷物中吃高饮食，加工或含糖食品
  • eating smaller meals more frequently
  • chewing gum after meals to help increase saliva and keep acid out of the esophagus
  • staying upright for a couple hours after eating
  • avoiding alcohol
  • 喝大量的水
  • refraining from smoking
  • 如果你超重，减肥

作为您的待遇的一部分，您的医生可能会推荐饮食变化。尽管受欢迎的信念，但没有必要吃一个平淡的饮食或完全避免香料。相反，它建议您在纤维，水果和蔬菜中消耗饮食。

You should also avoid anything that that makes your symptoms worse. Symptoms are made worse by foods that relax the esophageal sphincter. Try keeping a food diary to track what foods trigger your symptoms. This information can help you eliminate troublesome foods.

Foods to eat

已经显示出纤维高的饮食对溃疡的人特别有益。您可以找到为您的饮食添加这些食物有用：

  • oats
  • whole grains
  • 豆类
  • 亚麻种子
  • 坚果
  • 水果，如苹果和香蕉
  • vegetables, such as carrots, broccoli, sweet potatoes, spinach, and kale
  • 瘦蛋白质

Foods to avoid

可以恶化的食物可以包括：

  • 咖啡，茶和其他含咖啡因饮料
  • soda
  • chocolate
  • 酒精
  • 薄荷
  • tomatoes
  • 柑橘类水果
  • spicy foods
  • fatty, greasy, or fried foods
  • any trigger foods you identify

治疗溃疡可能导致严重的并发症, such as a出血溃疡or anesophageal perforation(hole in the esophagus). They can also cause scarring and narrowing of the esophagus. See your doctor right away if you have the following symptoms:

  • fever
  • chills
  • rapid heart rate
  • 呼吸困难
  • 呕吐血液
  • 突然的胸痛或呼吸急促

然而，如果您寻求及时治疗，前景很好。食管溃疡通常可以用抗生素，药物的组合治疗，以减少胃酸，以及饮食和生活方式的变化。

如果您还没有初级保健医生，您可以通过浏览您所在地区的医生Healthline FindCare tool。

用西班牙语阅读本文。