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概述
ESCHAR发音为ES-CAR，是死组织，从皮肤上脱落或掉落。通常在压溃疡伤口（贝德索尔）中看到它。Eschar通常是棕褐色，棕色或黑色，可能是硬皮。
Wounds are classified into stages based on how deep they are and how much skin tissue is affected. When a wound has eschar on top of it, the wound can’t be classified. This is because eschar is dead, dark tissue that makes it difficult to see the wound underneath.
Eschar is characterized by dark, crusty tissue at either the bottom or the top of a wound. The tissue closely resembles a piece of steel wool that has been placed over the wound. The wound may have a crusted or leathery appearance and will be tan, brown, or black.
Eschar可以比周围的皮肤更柔软或更牢固。
Eschar通常是较大伤口的一部分。ESCHAR周围的区域可能会触摸红色或嫩。该区域也可能肿胀或充满液体。
While an eschar wound can’t be staged in the same way most wounds can, a wound with eschar often signals a more advanced wound, typically a stage 3 or 4.
伤口的四个阶段是：
- Stage 1:皮肤没有破碎，但外观可能略带红色。当伤口按下时，手指下面的区域不会变白。
- Stage 2:伤口开放和/或损坏。这可能看起来像是破裂的水泡，或者像盆地一样略深。
- Stage 3:这种伤口类型具有深层，陨石坑状的外观，并在皮肤的脂肪部分中。该组织通常会有黄色的死组织。
- 阶段4：The most serious wound type, a stage 4 wound will likely contain some slough and be deep down in the skin. Muscle, bone, and tendons also may be exposed due to the seriousness of the wound.
伤口的更高级阶段可能是由于皮肤损伤或压力疮。一个例子是床索，其中持续的压力会影响到组织的血液流动。结果，组织变得损坏并死亡。
Pressure sores occur most often on the heels, ankles, hips, or buttocks.
An eschar is a collection of dry, dead tissue within a wound. It’s commonly seen with pressure ulcers. This can occur if the tissue dries and becomes adherent to the wound.
Factors that increase your risk for a pressure ulcer include:
前进到Eschar覆盖它们的阶段的伤口可能非常严重。
For example, the broken skin on the wound allows bacteria to enter the body, which can lead tocellulitis（皮肤感染），bacteremia(bacteria in the blood), and ultimatelysepsis(dangerous body-wide inflammation) that can be life threatening.
您的骨头和关节也可能因伤口而被感染。
Your healthcare provider will diagnose eschar by viewing the wound and examining the skin around it. A wound care specialist will often measure the length and width of the wound to determine if it’s getting larger or smaller.
您的医疗保健提供者还将考虑您可能拥有的任何医疗状况，这些医疗状况可能会影响身体治愈伤口的能力。这些包括diabetesor conditions that affect your circulatory system.
Prevention is vital to keeping eschar from occurring. Wounds are significantly easier to prevent than treat.
For those who use a wheelchair or who have been prescribed bed care, it’s important to regularly reposition them to relieve stress and pressure to areas prone to skin breakdown. This may involve switching positions every 15 minutes to 1 hour.
Cushions，，，，专业床垫，，，，and特殊重新定位设备可以在线购买，也可以提供帮助。
保持皮肤清洁和干燥对于预防伤口至关重要。如果您无法控制尿液或粪便，则需要及时清洁以防止皮肤破裂发生。
吃一个healthy diet充分地high in protein，，，，vitamin C，，，，andzinc对于鼓励皮肤愈合至关重要。喝足够的液体is needed to prevent dry skin.
停止吸烟，，，，if you smoke, andkeeping active还可以通过保持身体健康来防止疮。
ESCHAR的伤口治疗取决于您的症状。例如，如果伤口周围的区域干燥，不会剥落，并且周围没有发红，则医生可能不建议卸下ESCHAR，因为它被认为是身体的自然覆盖物。
如果Eschar脱皮或渗出，似乎被感染或无法治愈，您的医疗保健提供者可能会建议一种称为伤口治疗方法清创术去除死组织。
There are different methods of debridement, including:
- autolytic debridement，，，，which involves applying a dressing that may encourage the breakdown of the dead tissue by your own body’s enzymes
- 酶促清创术，，，，which means to apply chemicals that remove dead tissue
- 机械清创术，，，，which involves using special tools to remove dead tissue
- 手术清创术，，，，which involves the use of sharp instruments to cut away dead tissue
除了治疗伤口外，您的医疗保健提供者还将尝试使您尽可能舒适。
This includes prescribing pain-relieving medications. Antibiotics may be used to prevent infection. It’s important to try to eat as healthy as possible. As part of your healthy eating routine, be sure to include蛋白质，，，，which promotes skin healing.
In severe instances, surgery may be necessary to remove any infection and reconstruct the skin around the wound.
