The flower of the cannabis plant is used for its recreational or medicinal purposes. The stalk or stem of the cannabis plant is used for industrial purposes (e.g., hemp fiber). The seed of the cannabis plant is used for food and household purposes (e.g., hemp seed or hemp oil).
Cannabis is also known as pot, weed, and dozens of other names.
而很多人抽烟or vape it, you can also use cannabis as an ingredient in food, beverages, tinctures, or topicals.
Different methods of ingesting cannabis may affect your body differently. When you inhale cannabis smoke into your lungs, the compounds immediately enter your bloodstream and quickly make their way to your brain and other organs. The effects may onset within seconds to minutes.
When you eat or drink cannabis-containing products, the compounds need to first pass through your digestive system and liver before reaching your bloodstream. The effects may onset within minutes to hours.
There’s ongoing debate around the effects of cannabis on the body. People report various physical and psychological effects, from harm and discomfort to pain relief and relaxation.
Cannabinoids are the active ingredients of cannabis. They’re found nowhere else in nature.
THC负责大麻的醉人作用。它还对以下条件具有潜在的药物影响：
- pain
- nausea
- reduced appetite
- insomnia
CBD is nonintoxicating. It has potential medicinal effects for conditions like epilepsy and anxiety.
但是，关于THC和CBD，我们仍然不了解很多。
而
And there are more than 100 unique cannabinoids in cannabis. Science has only scratched the surface of what these other cannabinoids can do.
In recent years, the medicinal properties of cannabis have gained public acceptance. As of March 2021,36 statesplus the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis for recreational or medicinal use.
Here’s what we do know about the effects of THC when it enters your bloodstream.
No matter how you use cannabis, it can cause immediate and long-term effects, such as changes in perception and increased heart rate. Over time, smoking cannabis may cause chronic cough and other health issues.
In addition to the immediate effects of cannabis, there may be longer-term effects depending on how you take it, how much you use, and how often you use it.
As access to cannabis increases all over the United States and world, knowing the effects it can have on your body is as important as ever. Read on to see how it affects each system in your body.
Much like tobacco smoke, cannabis smoke is made up of a variety of toxic chemicals, includingammonia和氰化氢，会刺激您的支气管通道和肺。
If you’re a regular smoker, you’re more likely to wheeze, cough, and produce phlegm. You’re also at an increased risk of bronchitis and lung infections. Cannabis may aggravate existing respiratory illnesses, such asasthma和cystic fibrosis。
Cannabis smoke contains carcinogens, which could theoretically increase your risk oflung cancer。
However, according to the
THC从您的肺部移动到您的血液和整个身体。几分钟之内，您的心率可能会增加
This places extra oxygen demand on your heart. If you have heart disease, this could raise your risk for a heart attack.
最近使用大麻的明显迹象之一是血丝眼睛。眼睛看起来是红色的，因为大麻会导致血管扩张并充满更多的血液。
THC can also lower pressure in the eyes, which can ease symptoms ofglaucomafor a few hours. More research is needed to understand whether THC can offer long-term benefits for glaucoma.
What’s the impact of cannabis on health?
The effects of cannabis extend throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Cannabis is thought to ease pain and inflammation and help control spasms andseizures。Still, there are potential long-term negative effects on the CNS to consider.
THC触发您的大脑释放大量多巴胺，这是一种天然存在的“感觉良好”化学物质。这就是给您愉快的原因。它可能会增强您的感官感知和时间的感知。
这个多巴胺周期也可以解释为什么
Symptoms of cannabis withdrawal may include:
- 易怒
- insomnia
- loss of appetite
在里面海马，THC更改您处理信息的方式，因此您的判断可能会受到损害。海马负责记忆负责，因此当您高时，可能也很难形成新的记忆。
Changes also take place in the cerebellum and basal ganglia. These brain areas play roles in movement and balance. Cannabis may alter your balance, coordination, and reflex response. All those changes mean that it’s not safe to drive.
非常大剂量的大麻或高浓度的THC会引起幻觉或妄想。根据
You may want to avoid cannabis if you have schizophrenia or a family history of schizophrenia. Cannabis may make symptoms worse or increase the chances of developing the condition in people who have a genetic predisposition.
When you come down from the high, you may feel tired or a bit depressed. In some people, cannabis can cause anxiety.
In people younger than 25 years, whose brains haven’t yet fully developed, long-term cannabis use can have a lasting detrimental impact on thinking and memory processes.
Using cannabis during pregnancy can also affect the developing baby. The child may have trouble with memory, concentration, and problem-solving skills.
As mentioned earlier, federal prohibition has made research into the effects of cannabis largely observational, which can only detect correlation and not causation.
此外,这些研究普遍关注unregulated, illegal cannabis, and scientists don’t know whether legal cannabis regulated by states has different effects.
吸入大麻会在吸入时会导致口腔和喉咙有些刺痛或燃烧。
Cannabis can cause digestive issues when taken orally. While THC has been shown to ease nausea and vomiting, in some people long-term heavy use can paradoxically causenausea and vomiting。
An increase in your appetite is common when taking any form of THC, leading to what many people call “the munchies.”
This can be a benefit for people who need to gain weight or increase appetite, such as people with cancer receiving chemotherapy.
For others who are looking to lose weight, this effect could be considered a disadvantage, although
从理论上讲，这可能会使您更容易受到传染病的影响。但是，对于患有过度活动免疫系统的自身免疫性疾病的人来说，这可能是一个好处。
Further research, and research in humans, is needed to fully understand the effects.