• Some research suggests that hard water may raise the risk of eczema or make symptoms worse.
  • 硬水可能会损害皮肤屏障，从而导致皮肤干燥和刺激。
  • Doctors may recommend changes to your skin care routine and prescribe medicated creams or ointments, phototherapy, or other treatments for eczema.

当水含有高水平的钙和镁时，它被描述为硬水。当水通过地下石灰石，石膏或粉笔过滤时，这可能会发生。某些社区的当地供水很难。

一些证据表明，硬水可能会损害皮肤屏障并有助于湿疹的发展。这是一种慢性病，会引起发炎，刺激和发痒的皮肤。硬水也可能恶化已经患有这种情况的人的湿疹症状。

Read on to learn more about the effects that hard water may have.

“Skin barrier dysfunction is the initial step in the development of eczema,” Soma Mandal, MD, a board certified internist at Summit Health in Berkeley Heights, New Jersey, told Healthline.

The skin barrier is the outermost layer of the skin. It helps keep out bacteria, viruses, allergy triggers, and other harmful substances. It also seals in water, which helps to keep the skin moisturized.

当皮肤屏障受损时，它会更容易进入细菌和其他物质。皮肤还失去水分，导致其干燥和破坏。

Gene mutations and problems with the immune system may alter the skin barrier. Exposure to certain substances, such as irritating soaps or hard water, might also damage the skin barrier and raise the risk of eczema.

In a review published in Clinical & Experimental Allergy ，科学家们汇集了过去关于硬水和特应性湿疹的研究结果。特应性湿疹是最常见的湿疹类型。

作者发现，暴露于硬水的幼儿患有特应性湿疹的风险增加。需要更多的研究来研究和确认此链接。

Small studies in adults also suggest that hard water may:

  • reduce skin hydration
  • increase skin redness
  • increase the level of cytokines, which are proteins that drive inflammation

根据评论的作者，对小鼠的研究发现，将钙应用于皮肤可能会降低其在损害后修复的能力。

硬水中的矿物质降低了水的pH值。在硬水中沐浴可能会影响皮肤的pH值，这可能会影响皮肤屏障的工作方式。

硬水中的钙和镁离子也与肥皂中的某些颗粒结合，称为表面活性剂。这使得很难冲洗肥皂，在皮肤上引起残留物或“肥皂浮渣”。研究人员报告说，这会损害皮肤屏障并刺激皮肤。Journal of Investigative Dermatology。

湿疹会影响任何年龄的人。但是，在幼儿中更常见。

Some 研究 suggests that hard water exposure may raise the risk for eczema among children ages 5 to 11 but not older children. More research is needed.

一 study has found that hard water exposure may also increase the risk for eczema among infants who have a gene mutation that interferes with filaggrin function. Filaggrin is a protein that helps maintain the skin barrier.

当孩子成为青少年时，湿疹常常消失。但是，有些人作为青少年或成人经历了湿疹。

皮脂性皮炎也称为脂肪湿疹。它主要影响头皮，是头皮屑的可能原因之一。

脂肪性皮炎也可能影响身体的其他部位，这些部位具有许多产生油的腺体，例如：

  • 脸
  • 背部
  • upper chest

Calcium and magnesium ions in hard water make it harder to rinse off soap and shampoo, causing a residue to form on the skin or scalp. This may worsen seborrheic dermatitis.

为了治疗湿疹，您的医生可能会开出：

  • a medicated skin cream, ointment, or shampoo
  • phototherapy, which uses ultraviolet light waves to reduce symptoms
  • oral or injectable medication to block immune responses that cause inflammation

口服或可注射药物仅用于治疗严重的湿疹。

Your doctor may also recommend changes to your skin care routine. For example, it may help to:

  • avoid scratching or rubbing your skin
  • use gentle unscented soaps or cleansers
  • bathe with lukewarm water, rather than hot water
  • 洗澡后轻轻拍打皮肤，而不是干燥
  • 洗澡后，在皮肤上涂抹保湿霜或软膏
  • 避免散发着闻香的皮肤护理产品，香味的洗衣粉，粗糙的衣服或其他似乎使您的症状更糟的触发因素

Some 研究 suggest that adding a water softener to hard water may help reduce eczema symptoms. However, other studies have not found that water softeners help.

含有香水或染料的肥皂可能会刺激您的皮肤。酒吧肥皂，气泡浴和婴儿湿巾也可能会刺激或干燥。

“通常,染料和每个产品都是免费的fumes are best for the skin,” said Mandal.

皮肤科医生建议温和的无味清洁剂和其他不含香料的皮肤护理产品。

美国皮肤病学会协会鼓励湿疹患者寻找标有标有的产品NEA接收密封。These products are free of ingredients known to be unsuitable for people with eczema or sensitive skin.

一些研究表明，硬水可能会增加湿疹的风险或使症状恶化，尽管需要更多的研究。

硬水可能会损害皮肤屏障，从而导致皮肤干燥和刺激。香精和其他香味产品也可能刺激皮肤。

Dermatologists typically encourage people with eczema to use gentle unscented cleansers and moisturizers. Doctors may also prescribe medicated creams or ointments, phototherapy, or other treatments for eczema.