脱氧核糖核酸，更好地称为DNA，是什么构成了你的生物自我。DNA还可以提供有关您的健康，增长和老化的信息。
鉴于增加at-home DNA testing kits-typically done with saliva samples — many wonder whether home urine testing could offer the same results.
尿精确实含有少量的DNA，但并不像血液或唾液那么多。DNA在尿液中也会更快地恶化，使得难以提取和产生可靠的测试结果。
Keep reading to learn more about the DNA in your urine, and what clues it can offer to your overall health.
DNA is made up of nucleotides, including 2-deoxyribose, nitrogen bases, and phosphate groups.
The exact markers in each strand of DNA are measured through the blood with the help of white blood cells and上皮细胞, which are found in the surface layers of your skin. In addition to blood, DNA can also be found in saliva, hair follicles, and decomposing bones.
虽然DNA可以在尿液中发现，但它与上皮细胞的存在直接相关，而不是尿本身。事实上，在雌性尿液中通常可以更好地检测到DNA，因为女性可能具有从阴道壁进入尿液的更高的上皮细胞计数。
尿液中难以检测DNA。低白细胞和上皮细胞计数可以影响尿液中的DNA。DNA也可以在尿液中更快地恶化，使得在失去完整性之前提取生物标志物更具挑战性。
一些
- 第一或第二初期尿液可含有最高产率，并且样品在-112°F（-80℃）的温度下最好保存。钠添加剂也可用于进一步保存。
- 研究人员还发现基于性别的DNA产量差异。早上尿液在男性中最多的DNA，而下午尿液产生了较高的女性的DNA产量。
While it’s possible to extract DNA from urine, the conditions aren’t ideal. Other more reliable sources, such as blood, can produce higher yields without the risk of biomarker degradation.
然而，
尿液测试可能能够检测DNA片段，但结果可能不像它们在血液测试中一样清晰。
Urine samples但是，可以用于检测某些疾病和健康状况，包括：
- birth defects in fetuses
- cancer
- 艾滋病病毒
- 肾脏疾病
- liver disease
- organ rejection
- malaria
- 结核
- ulcers
当考虑DNA提取、尿液样本n’t the best source to use. Blood is the most reliable source of DNA, followed by saliva and hair follicles. If you’re interested in DNA testing, talk to a doctor about these options.
Still, urine samples shouldn’t be disregarded entirely. They can offer clues to your overall health, and may even help your doctor diagnose certain diseases and conditions. As research continues, it’s possible that we will see more urine-based DNA tests in the future.
如果您对任何潜在的健康问题疑虑，您的医生可能会从血液和尿检上开始。如果您对DNA标志物感兴趣，以便您可能在遗传上倾向于遗传，请考虑看到验血专家。