What Is a Dislocation?

当骨头从关节中滑出时发生脱位。例如，你的骨骼顶部适合肩膀的关节。当它从该联合中滑出或弹出时，您有一个脱臼的肩膀。您可以在您的身体中几乎脱臼，包括膝盖，臀部，脚踝或肩部。

由于脱位意味着你的骨头不再应该在哪里，你应该把它视为紧急情况，并尽快寻求医疗。未经处理的脱位可能会对韧带，神经或血管造成损伤。

脱臼typically result when a joint experiences an unexpected or unbalanced impact. This might happen if you fall or experience a harsh hit to the affected area. After a joint dislocates, it’s more likely to dislocate again in the future.

Anyone can dislocate a joint if they fall or experience some other type of trauma. However, older persons tend to have a higher risk, especially if they lack mobility or are less able to prevent falls.

Children can also be at a greater risk for dislocations if they are unsupervised or play in an area that hasn’t been childproofed. Those who practice unsafe behavior during physical activities put themselves at higher risk for accidents such as dislocations.

在大多数情况下，您将很容易地看到错位。该地区可能肿胀或看起来伤害。您可能会注意到该区域是红色或变色的。它还可以具有奇怪的形状或由于位错而变形。

与位错关节相关的其他一些症状包括：

  • loss of motion
  • pain during movement
  • 在该地区周围麻木
  • tingling feeling

可能难以判断你的骨是否被破坏或发生错位。你应该尽快去急诊室。

Your doctor will examine the affected area. He will be checking circulation to the area, deformity, and whether the skin is broken. If your doctor believes that you have a broken bone or a dislocation, he will order an X-ray. On occasion, special imaging such as an MRI may be required. These imaging tools will enable your doctor to see exactly what’s going on in the joint or bone involved.

Your doctor’s choice of treatment will depend on which joint you dislocated. It may also depend on the severity of your dislocation. According toJohns Hopkins University, initial treatment for any dislocation involves RICE: Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. In some cases, the dislocated joint might go back into place naturally after this treatment.

If the joint doesn’t return to normal naturally, your doctor may use one of the following treatments:

  • manipulation or repositioning
  • immobilization
  • medication
  • 复原

Manipulation

In this method, your doctor will manipulate or reposition the joint back into place. You’ll be given a sedative or anesthetic to remain comfortable and also to allow the muscles near your joint to relax, which eases the procedure.

固定化

在您的联合返回其适当的地方后，您的医生可能会要求您戴吊索，夹板或施放几周。这将防止关节移动并使该区域完全愈合。根据损伤的关节和严重程度，您的关节需要不动的时间长度会有所不同。

药物

Most of your pain should go away after the joint returns to its proper place. However, your doctor may prescribe a pain reliever or a muscle relaxant if you’re still feeling pain.

手术

You will need surgery only if the dislocation damaged your nerves or blood vessels, or if your doctor is unable to return your bones to their normal position. Surgery may also be necessary for those who often dislocate the same joints, such as their shoulders. To prevent redislocation, it may be necessary to reconstruct the joint and repair any damaged structures. On occasion, a joint has to be replaced, such as a hip replacement.

复原

康复在医生正确重新定位或操纵接头到正确的位置并拆除吊索或夹板后（如果您需要一个）。您和您的医生将制定适合您的康复计划。康复的目标是逐步增加关节的力量并恢复其运动范围。请记住，要慢慢地走得很重要，所以在恢复完成之前，你不会重新注视自己。

如果您练习安全行为，您可以防止脱位。预防错位的一般提示包括：

  • 上下楼梯时使用扶手。
  • 在该地区保持急救箱。
  • 在潮湿的区域使用Nonskid垫，如浴室。
  • 将电线从地板上移动。
  • 避免使用抛出地毯。

为了防止儿童可能位于脱位，考虑实施以下内容：

  • 教孩子安全行为。
  • Watch and supervise children as needed.
  • Ensure that your home is childproof and safe.
  • Put gates on stairways to prevent falls.

If you’re an adult and want to protect yourself from dislocations, you should:

  • 在进行体育等体育运动时，请穿着防护装备或衣服。
  • 从地板上抛出抛出地毯，或用nonskid地毯替换它们。
  • 避免站在不稳定的物品上，如椅子。

Every dislocation has its own unique healing time. Most people experience a full recovery in several weeks. For some joints, such as hips, full recovery may take several months or years and may require additional surgeries.

如果您的错位接受了迅速治疗，则可能无法恶化到永久性伤害中。然而，重要的是要记住，该地区将疲弱，更有可能在未来脱臼。

The healing time will also be longer if blood vessels or nerves were damaged in the dislocation. On occasion, the blood vessels that supply the bones are permanently damaged.

如果脱位严重或不及时治疗，则可能存在持续存在的问题，例如关节周围骨骼部分的持续疼痛或细胞死亡。