If you’re in unexpected gastrointestinal distress, one question is probably at the front of your mind. Could this be food poisoning or is this a stomach bug? Both of these illnesses have similar symptoms and can come on quickly, so it can sometimes be difficult to tell them apart.
Read on to learn more about the similarities and differences between the stomach bug and food poisoning.
| Stomach bug | Food poisoning | |
| 原因 | 病毒 | 细菌，病毒或parasites |
| Incubation period | 接触病毒后24 - 48小时之内 | 2-6 hours after eating contaminated food |
| Symptoms | • diarrhea or constipation • fever • vomiting • nausea • stomach or intestinal cramps •关节刚度 •减肥 |
• diarrhea • fever • vomiting • fatigue • general malaise • muscle aches • headache • sweating •眼睛肿胀 • difficulty breathing • thirst |
| Prevention | • wash your hands if you’re sick or have been around someone who is sick • talk to your doctor about the vaccine for rotavirus • if you’re sick, stay home and avoid spreading it to other people |
• keep your food preparation area and equipment clean • fully cook meats and seafood •冷藏可腐烂的食物 • discard questionable foods |
胃虫与胃流感“胃病”和“胃流感”都是病毒胃肠炎的术语。
Symptoms of the stomach bug
您可能听说人们在工作或孩子的学校谈论胃病或胃炎。但是到底是什么？这种疾病的技术术语是viral gastroenteritis。It’s an inflammation of the stomach and intestines caused by a viral infection.
If you have a stomach bug, you may have one or more of the以下症状:
- 腹泻
- stomach or intestinal cramps
- nausea和呕吐
- fever
- 减肥
- joint aches
- muscle aches
- thirst
- 头痛
- 一般的malaise
People typically develop stomach bug symptoms within
如果您的症状持续存在，请与您的医生交谈以排除任何并发症或其他疾病。
Symptoms of food poisoning
食物中毒比胃病更常见。据估计
Typical symptoms of食物中毒包括：
在严重的情况下，您可以拥有：
- bloody stool或者vomit
- 严重的腹部绞痛
- shock
- 意识丧失
The symptoms of food poisoning can appear anytime within hours to days or weeks after initial exposure. It depends on the pathogen causing the food poisoning. Symptoms typically get better在2天内。
What causes the stomach bug?
几种不同的病毒可能会导致胃病。最常见的病毒包括：
The norovirus is by far the most common, and alone causes up to
Stomach bug caused by a rotavirus or norovirus infection is highly传染性的。在美国，最常见的感染最常见于10月至4月之间。收缩病毒的最常见方法是与生病的人直接接触。
您还可以通过与感染者接触的表面接触从接触中感染病毒。
是什么引起食物中毒？
Food poisoning develops when infectious organisms such as细菌，病毒或parasites污染食物。细菌，例如金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌是排名前五的细菌导致食物外表光鲜ning in the United States.
You may get food poisoning from eating contaminated or undercooked肉。However, affected meat isn’t the only food that causes food poisoning. The following foods can also lead to foodborne illness:
- 生鸡蛋
- raw sprouts
- 柔软或未经随意的奶酪，例如Brie和Feta
- unwashed vegetables and fruits
- 生鱼或牡蛎
- contaminated water
- unpasteurized beverages, such as milk, cider, and juice
- undercooked rice
Food poisoning can occur in anyone, but it is most common in babies, young children, and the elderly.
If you’re traveling to an underdeveloped country, you may be at an increased risk for food poisoning. Never eat undercooked meat, fish, or egg (at-home or abroad) and get your water from a trusted source. When visiting a new country, it may be best to rely on bottled water.
After several days with either the stomach bug or food poisoning, you may develop dehydration. Watch for the following signs and symptoms ofdehydration:
- a decrease in尿量输出
- dark urine
- 干燥in your mouth or throat
- dry diapers
- 婴儿和幼儿缺乏眼泪
- fast heart rate
- low blood pressure
- excessive thirst
- dizziness, especially when standing
Babies may have沉没的眼睛或fontanels脱水时。Fontanel也被称为婴儿头上的软角色。如果出现这些症状，您应该寻求医疗护理。
治疗胃虫
Most of the time you can treat your stomach bug symptoms在家。The best remedy is just to allow yourself time to rest and recover from the virus. However, if symptoms persist for more than a few days, you may need to seek medical attention.
Drink plenty of fluids. Adults can drink sports drinks with电解质, and children can also drink fluid replacement solutions such as Pedialyte. These drinks, coupled with water, will help restore the body’s hydration balance. For best results, drink a few sips every half hour to an hour.
Limit sugary drinks or sodas, as these liquids don’t replace lost electrolytes. Coconut water is a great natural source of electrolytes as well, plus it’s much lower on sugar.
一旦您准备再次吃饭，give your stomach a break通过慢慢引入bland foodsinto your diet. These may include:
- cereals
- 全谷类
- 面包
- potatoes
- bananas
- vegetables
- 新鲜的苹果
- plain yogurt
- bananas
避免乳制品，酒精，咖啡因，辛辣食物和炸食物，可能会使您的胃部烦恼。
Treating food poisoning
You should contact your doctor if you experience any of the following:
- blood orpusin your stool
- 腹泻lasting
more than 3 days - fever above 102°F (38.8°C) in adults or儿童的101°F（38.3°C）以上（38.3°C）
- 脱水的症状，包括疲劳和极端口渴
- symptoms of botulism
- symptoms of food poisoning after visiting a developing country
If you have a mild case of food poisoning, it may respond well to rest andfever-reducing medications。如果您有严重的病例，则可能需要被送往医院进行静脉液体水合。如果您患有严重的细菌食物中毒，您的医生可能会开出一种抗生素。
Your doctor will review your symptoms and run tests to determine the best course of action. They’ll also give you a list ofgood foods to eat; they’re usually similar to the ones listed above.
Preventing the stomach bug
即使有时被称为胃炎，您的年度流感疫苗也不会阻止。不同类型的病毒引起胃流感。抗生素不会帮助治疗胃病，因为抗生素可以治疗细菌感染，而不是病毒。
Take measures toprevent yourself from transmittingthe stomach flu to others. You’re typically the most contagious when you’re feeling the worst and a few days afterward. The bug can stay in your stool for
Wash your hands经常和stay home感觉好几天后，至少有几天。
You should also consider having your baby get thevaccine against the rotaviruswhen they’re 2 months old.
Preventing food poisoning
按照以下步骤有助于防止食物中毒：
- Keep food preparation surfaces, utensils, and your hands clean.
- 将碎牛肉煮至160°F（71°C）。
- Cook roasts, steaks, and chops to 145°F (62°C).
- Cook chicken and turkey to 165°F (73°C).
- 确保海鲜完全煮熟。
- Make sure canned foods are from trusted distributors.
- Refrigerate any perishable foods within 1 hour.
- Throw out foods that look or smell questionable.
- 前往发达国家旅行时要小心饮用水。
尽管胃病和食物中毒的许多症状相似，但必须确定您可能患有哪种疾病很重要。食物中毒的症状可能：
- occur more quickly after exposure
- become more severe than symptoms of a stomach bug
- be shorter in duration than symptoms of a stomach bug
Depending on the cause, your immune system function, and your overall health, food poisoning or viral gastroenteritis may become severe enough to require medical attention. However, many people can usually manage either condition with rest, hydration, and at-home medical treatment.
If you’re unsure about what’s causing your symptoms, check in with your doctor to be safe. Other health issues can cause similar symptoms of gastrointestinal distress. In any case, call your doctor for help if your symptoms worsen.