在接受胃旁路手术之前，您必须首先有资格进行手术，了解所涉及的风险和福利。
Adults eligible for this surgery are typically more than 100 pounds overweight or have a体重指数（BMI）over 35.
You may also be eligible if your BMI is between 30 and 35, your health is at risk due to your weight, and making lifestyle changes hasn’t led to weight loss, according to the美国代谢和肥胖症外科（ASMBS）。
成为一个可行的候选人，您还应该准备好重新学习您的饮食习惯。新的膳食习惯可以帮助确保手术具有积极和终身的影响。
在您的手术前，您需要制定特别饮食的计划，以遵循前后手术和后期。
The pre-surgery diet is geared toward reducing the amount of fat in and around your liver. This reduces the risk of complications during the surgery.
After the surgery, your doctor will tailor the general diet guidelines for you. The post-surgery diet usually consists of several weekly phases. It helps you recover, meet the needs of your now smaller stomach, and gain healthier eating habits.
手术前减肥有助于减少你周围的脂肪量肝脏andabdomen。This may allow you to have alaparoscopy而不是公开手术。腹腔镜手术较少侵入性，需要更少的恢复时间，并且在您的身体上更容易。
Losing weight prior to surgery not only keeps you safer during the procedure, but it also helps train you for a new way of eating.
Your exact eating plan and pre-op weight loss goal will be determined by your healthcare provider and likely with the help of aregistered dietitian。
Your eating plan may begin as soon as you’re cleared for the procedure. If sufficient weight loss doesn’t occur, the procedure may be postponed or canceled. For this reason, you should start the diet plan as soon as you can.
指导方针
准则将因人的人而异，但它们可能包括以下内容：
- Eliminate or reduce your intake of饱和脂肪, including whole milk products, fatty meat, and油炸食品。
- Eliminate or reduce your intake of foods that are高碳水化合物, such as sugary desserts, pasta, potatoes, bread, and bread products.
- 消除高糖饮料，如果汁和苏打水。
- Exerciseportion control。
- Avoid binge eating.
- 不要抽烟。
- Avoid substances not recommended by your doctor.
- 避免酒精饮料。
- Don’t drink beverages with your meals.
- Take adaily multivitamin。
- Consumeprotein shakesor蛋白质粉末。
What to eat
op op饮食主要由蛋白质奶昔和其他高蛋白质，低热量食物组成，易于消化。
Protein帮助枕垫和保护肌肉组织。这可以帮助您的身体燃烧脂肪而不是肌肉燃料。蛋白质还有助于保持您的身体强大，可以加速恢复。
作为您的手术日期接近，您可能需要遵循大部分液体或仅唯一的饮食。根据您的体重和整体健康，您的医生可能会允许您在此期间吃一些固体。这些可能包括鱼类，淋浴的热谷物或soft-boiled eggs。
在手术前，确保您在手术前询问麻醉师有关您可以或不能在手术前的说明。这些建议可能因您的情况而有所不同。例如，您的医生可能希望您在手术前2小时饮用富含碳水化合物的液体。
The post-surgery diet plan consists of several stages. How long each stage lasts and what you can eat and drink will be determined by your healthcare provider or dietitian.
所有阶段都强调控制您的部分的重要性。这种习惯将帮助您继续减肥，并为您的余生进行准备。
Stage 1: Liquid diet
During stage 1, your nutritional intake is geared toward helping your body heal from surgery. Your diet can help you avoid postoperative complications.
最初的几天，你只能喝几盎司透明液体at a time. This helps your stomach heal without being stretched out by food.
After clear liquids, you’ll graduate to additional types of liquid, including:
- 脱咖啡因咖啡和茶
- skim milk
- 薄汤和肉汤
- unsweetened juice
- 无糖gelatin
- 无糖ice pops
第2阶段：Puréed饮食
Once your doctor decides you’re ready, you can move on to stage 2. This stage consists of puréed foods that have a thick, pudding-like consistency.
Many foods can be puréed at home with a food processor,blender, or other device.
Spicy seasonings may irritate the stomach, so avoid these completely or try them one at a time. Avoid fruits and vegetables that have lots of seeds, such as strawberries or kiwi. You should also stay away from foods that are too fibrous to liquefy, such as broccoli and cauliflower.
Instead, choose foods that liquefy well, such as:
| 水果 | applesauce,bananas, canned fruits,peaches,apricots,pears,pineapples, melons |
| 蔬菜 | spinach,carrots,summer squash,green beans |
| Protein | 酸奶,cottage cheese,ricotta cheese,beef， 鸡，turkey，白鱼（鳕鱼,罗非鱼, haddock), scrambled eggs |
Stage 1 baby foods (which don’t contain solids) and vegetable juices such asV8也是方便的选择。
However, at this stage, it’s important not to drink fluids with your meals.
第3阶段：软食饮食
You’ll probably eat nothing but puréed food for several weeks. Once your doctor decides you’re ready, you can start buildingsoft, easy-to-chew foodsinto your diet. These may include:
- soft-boiled eggs
- 碎肉
- baked or steamed white fish
- canned fruits, such as peaches or pears
It is important to eat small bites. Eat a little at a time and practice good portion control.
Stage 4: Stabilization
Stage 4 of the gastric bypass diet includes the reintroduction of solid food. It typically begins about 2 months after surgery.
Because your stomach is much smaller, you’ll still need to dice or chop your food into small bites. Large pieces of food may cause a blockage, which can lead to pain, nausea, and vomiting.
引入新的食物缓慢。这样,你就可以最好的determine which ones your stomach can tolerate and which ones to avoid. Eliminate any food that causes abdominal discomfort, vomiting, or nausea.
在第4阶段避免食物和饮料
Certain foods and drinks shouldn’t be attempted yet, such as those that are hard to digest. These include:
- fibrous or stringy vegetables, such as pea pods
- 爆米花
- corn on the cob
- 碳酸饮料，如苏打水和塞尔兹
- tough meat
- 油炸食品
- crunchy foods, such as pretzels, granola, seeds, and nuts
- dried fruit
- bread and bread products, such as muffins
About 4 months after surgery, you may be able to resume eating normally.
但是，部分控制仍然很重要。确保您的饮食主要由水果，蔬菜组成，瘦蛋白质, andhealthy carbohydrates。避免不健康的食物，脂肪，碳水化合物和卡路里。
Eating well means you can enjoy continued health without putting weight back on.
您术后饮食的指导方针也将在整个生命中为您服务。它们包括：
- Eat and drink slowly.
- Practice portion control.
- Listen to your body. If youcan’t tolerate一种食物，例如辛辣或炒，不要吃它。
- 避免高脂和高糖foods.
- 享用膳食之间的饮料，但在饭菜期间。
- 每天喝足够的饮料to avoiddehydration。
- Eat only small pieces of food at a time and彻底咀嚼每件作品。
- Take the vitamins your doctor recommends.
您可能会觉得有动力开始或恢复锻炼计划。手术后，你需要让你的身体治愈。慢慢走。
Low-impact exercises are a good option for the first month. These includewalkingandswimming。You may also benefit fromsimple yoga poses, stretching, anddeep breathing exercises。
Over the next several months, you can slowly build up tostrength trainingandcardioworkouts.
在运动和运动方面思考。简单的生活方式变化可以是物理健身助推器，如：
- walking instead of riding the bus
- 停车远离您的目的地
- taking the stairs instead of the elevator
遵循适当的前后饮食可以帮助您避免并发症，如dehydration,nausea, and便秘。
梗阻
Sometimes the connection between your stomach and intestines can become narrowed. This can occur even if you’re careful about what you eat.
If you have nausea, vomiting, or stomach pain for more than 2 days, let your doctor know. These are all symptoms of a possibleobstruction。
Dumping syndrome
Portion control, eating and drinking slowly, and staying away from high-sugar, high-fat foods can also help you avoid what’s known asdumping syndrome。Dumping syndrome occurs if foods or beverages enter yoursmall intestine太快或太大的量。
Eating and drinking at the same time may also cause dumping syndrome. This is because it increases intake volume.
Dumping syndrome can happen at any stage of the post-op diet. Symptoms include:
帮助避免倾倒综合征,星期四mb is to take at least half an hour to eat each meal.
Choose低的-fatand低的-或不含糖食物。在喝任何液体之前等待约30到45分钟，并始终慢慢啜饮液体。
胃旁路手术可以给你一个新的健康和健身开始。
Following the recommended pre-op and post-op diet will go a long way toward your success. The right diet can protect you from surgical complications and teach you how to eat and drink well for the rest of your life.
