胰岛素抵抗增加developi的风险ng diabetes. You could be insulin resistant for years without knowing it. This condition typically does not trigger any noticeable symptoms, so it’s important to have a doctor regularly check your blood glucose levels.

Insulin resistance increases the risk of:

If you have prediabetes, it’s important to work with your doctor. They will routinely monitor your blood sugar orhemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)so they can recognize whether you’ve developed diabetes.

Classicdiabetes symptomsinclude:

  • extreme thirst or hunger
  • feeling hungry even after a meal
  • increased orfrequent urination
  • tingling sensations in hands or feet
  • feeling more tired than usual
  • frequent infections
  • evidence of high blood sugar levels in blood work

Some people with insulin resistance may also develop a skin condition known asacanthosis nigricans. It appears as dark, velvety patches often on the backs of the neck, groin, and armpits.

Some experts believe insulin directly and indirectly activates the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors on types of skin cells called keratinocytes and fibroblasts. This could lead to the growth and development of the conditionAcanthosis Nigricans. There’s no cure for this condition. However, if another condition causes these symptoms, treatment may help natural skin color return.

If you don’t have obvious symptoms, your doctor can usually detect prediabetes or diabetes with lab tests.

Though doctors don’t usually test for insulin resistance, the most accurate test is a euglycemic insulin clamp that’s used for research purposes.

A1C test

One way to diagnose prediabetes or diabetes is with anA1C test. This test measures your average blood sugar over the previous 2 to 3 months.

  • An A1C under 5.7 percent is considered normal.
  • An A1C between 5.7 and 6.4 percent is diagnostic for prediabetes.
  • An A1C equal to or above 6.5 percent is diagnostic for diabetes.

Your doctor may want to reconfirm the test results later. However, depending on the lab where you have your blood drawn, these numbers could vary by 0.1 to 0.2 percent.

Fasting blood glucose test

A fastingblood glucose testwill show your fasting blood sugar level. You’d have this test done after not eating or drinking for at least 8 hours.

A high level may require a second test a few days later to confirm the reading. If both tests show high levels of blood glucose, your doctor may diagnose you with prediabetes or diabetes.

  • Fasting blood sugar levels under 100 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) are considered normal.
  • Levels between 100 and 125 mg/dL indicate prediabetes.
  • Levels equal to or greater than 126 mg/dL are diagnostic for diabetes.

Depending on the lab, these numbers could vary up to 3 mg/dL points in the cutoff numbers.

Glucose tolerance testing

A 2-hourglucose tolerance testmay be another way to diagnose prediabetes or diabetes. Your blood glucose level will be determined before this test begins. You’ll then receive a premeasured sugary drink, and your blood glucose level is checked again in 2 hours.

  • A blood sugar level of less than 140 mg/dL after 2 hours is considered normal.
  • A result between 140 mg/dL and 199 mg/dL is considered prediabetes.
  • A blood sugar level of 200mg/dL or higher is considered diabetes.

Random blood draws

Random blood sugar tests are useful if you’re experiencing significant diabetes symptoms. However, theAmerican Diabetes Association (ADA)doesn’t recommend random blood glucose tests for routine diabetes screening or for identifying prediabetes.

Testing for diabetes should begin at about age 40, along with the usual tests forcholesteroland other markers of health. Ideally, your doctor will request testing at your annual physical exam or preventive screening.

Your doctor may recommend testing at a younger age if you have these risk factors:

  • have a sedentary, or inactive, lifestyle
  • have a lowHDL (good cholesterol)level or high triglyceride level
  • have a parent or sibling with diabetes
  • have high blood pressure (140/90 mm Hg or above)
  • have symptoms of prediabetes
  • were diagnosed withgestational diabetes(a temporary condition that causes diabetes only while pregnant)
  • had a baby who weighed more than 9 pounds
  • have had astroke

Children and teens ages 10 to 18 may also benefit from diabetes screening if they have overweight and have two or more of the above risk factors for diabetes.

If you have prediabetes, you may be able to prevent the condition from developing into diabetes with these health-promoting behaviors:

  • Work toward including exercise as a part of your daily routine, preferably getting in 30 minutes at least 5 days a week.
  • Try to eat a nutrient-rich,balanced dietas often as possible.
  • If you have overweight, consider losing weight — even reducing your body weight by just 7 percent can help lower your risk of developing diabetes.

Making health-promoting lifestyle choices is the best way to help get your blood glucose levels in the desired range.

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