糖尿病危险因素

糖尿病是一种慢性疾病，因为身体无法适当地使用血糖（葡萄糖）。这种故障的确切原因是未知的，但遗传和环境因素发挥作用。糖尿病的危险因素包括肥胖和高水平的胆固醇。下面讨论一些特定的原因。

缺乏胰岛素生产

这主要是1型糖尿病的原因。当产生胰岛素的细胞受损或破坏并停止产生胰岛素时，会发生它。需要胰岛素在整个身体中将血糖移入细胞中。由此产生的胰岛素缺乏在血液中留下了过多的糖，并且在细胞中没有足够的能量。

胰岛素resistance

This is specific to type 2 diabetes。It occurs when insulin is produced normally in the pancreas, but the body is still unable move glucose into the cells for fuel. At first, the pancreas will create more insulin to overcome the body’s resistance. Eventually the cells “wear out.” At that point the body slows insulin production, leaving too much glucose in the blood. This is known asprediabetes。A person with prediabetes has a blood sugar level higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes. Unless tested, the person may not be aware, as there are no clear symptoms. Type 2 diabetes occurs as insulin production continues to decrease and resistance increases.

Symptoms of insulin resistance »

Genetics plays a role in determining how likely you are to develop some type of diabetes. Researchers don’t fully understand the role of genetics in the development of diabetes. According to the美国糖尿病协会，统计数据显示，如果您有父母或患有糖尿病的兄弟姐妹，你自己开发的几率就会增加。

虽然研究并非决定，但一些种族群体似乎具有更高的糖尿病率。这是真的：

  • 非洲裔美国人
  • 美洲土著
  • 亚洲人
  • 太平洋岛民
  • 西班牙裔美国人

Genetic conditions likecystic fibrosisandhemochromatosis可以损害胰腺导致糖尿病患者更高的可能性。

Monogenic forms of diabetes result from single gene mutations. Monogenic forms of diabetes are rare, accounting for only 1到5％ of all cases of diabetes found in young people.

一小部分孕妇可能会培养妊娠期糖尿病。它认为胎盘中发育的激素干扰了身体的胰岛素反应。这导致血液中胰岛素抵抗和高水平的葡萄糖。

Women who develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy are at higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life. According to the 疾病控制和预防中心（CDC） ,女人接生,重量超过9 pounds are also at greater risk.

Age

According to theMayo Clinic, your risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases as you age. Your risk goes up after age 45 in particular. However, the incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing dramatically among children, adolescents, and younger adults. Likely factors include reduced exercise, decreased muscle mass, and weight gain as you age. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed by the age of 30.

过量的体脂会导致胰岛素抵抗力。脂肪组织可能引起可导致胰岛素抵抗的炎症。但许多超重人民从不发展糖尿病，并且需要更多的研究肥胖和糖尿病。

营养差可能有助于2型糖尿病。卡路里，脂肪和胆固醇的饮食高，增加了身体对胰岛素的抵抗力。

胰岛素抵抗的饮食提示»

锻炼使肌肉组织更好地对胰岛素反应。这就是为什么定期有氧运动和抵抗训练可以降低糖尿病风险。与您的医生讨论一个对您有安全的运动计划。

虽然罕见，某些荷尔蒙病也可能导致糖尿病。以下条件有时会导致胰岛素抵抗：

  • Cushing’s syndrome: Cushing’s syndrome causes high levels of cortisol, which is the stress hormone in your blood. This raises blood glucose levels and may cause diabetes.
  • Acromegaly: Acromegaly results when the body makes too much growth hormone. This can lead to excessive weight gain and diabetes if left untreated.
  • 甲状腺功能亢进：当甲状腺产生过多的甲状腺激素时，甲状腺功能亢进发生。糖尿病是这种情况的可能并发症之一。