What Is Cystitis?

Overview

What are the symptoms of cystitis?

Symptoms of cystitis can include:

• frequent urge to urinate
• urge to urinate after you’ve emptied your bladder
• 多云或浸透尿液
• a low fever if in combination with a UTI
• blood in your urine
• pain during sexual intercourse
• 压力或膀胱饱满的感觉
• cramping in your abdomen or back

If a bladder infection spreads to your kidneys, it can become a serious health issue. In addition to the symptoms listed above, symptoms of a kidney infection include:

• nausea
• vomiting
• back or side pain
• chills

另外，尿液中的另外两个症状，发烧或血液本身并不是膀胱炎的症状。但是，它们可能与肾脏感染的其他症状有关。

如果您认为自己患有肾脏感染，请立即进行医疗护理。

膀胱炎的原因

The type of cystitis depends on its cause. Possible causes of cystitis include:

• urinary tract infection (UTI)
• taking certain drugs
• exposure to radiation
• ongoing use of a catheter
• 刺激性卫生产品

膀胱炎的类型

膀胱炎可以是急性或间隙。Acute cystitisis a case of cystitis that occurs suddenly.Interstitial cystitis (IC)is a chronic or long-term case of cystitis that affects multiple layers of bladder tissue.

Both acute and interstitial cystitis have a range of possible causes. The cause of cystitis determines the type. The following are types of cystitis:

Bacterial cystitis

当细菌进入尿道或膀胱并引起感染时，会发生细菌膀胱炎。当您体内的细菌通常不平衡时，这也可能导致。感染会导致膀胱炎或膀胱炎症。

It is important to treat abladder infection. If the infection spreads you your kidneys it can become a serious health issue.

药物诱导的膀胱炎

Certain medications can cause your bladder to become inflamed. Medicines pass through your body, and eventually exit through your urinary system. Some medications can irritate your bladder as they exit your body.

For example, the chemotherapy drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide can cause cystitis.

Radiation cystitis

放射治疗是用来杀死癌细胞shrink tumors, but it can also damage healthy cells and tissues. Radiation treatment in the pelvic area can cause your bladder to become inflamed.

异物膀胱炎

Ongoing use of a catheter, a tube used to facilitate the release of urine from the bladder, can increase your risk of bacterial infection, and damage tissues in the urinary tract. Both bacteria and damaged tissues can cause inflammation.

化学膀胱炎

Certain hygiene products can irritate your bladder. Products that may cause cystitis include:

• spermicidal jellies
• use of a diaphragm with spermicide
• feminine hygiene sprays
• chemicals from a bubble bath

Cystitis associated with other conditions

Sometimes cystitis occurs as a symptom of other medical conditions, such as:

• diabetes
• 肾结石
• HIV
• enlarged prostate
• spinal injuries

Who is at risk for cystitis?

Cystitis is more common in women due to their shorter urethra. However, both men and women are at risk for this condition.

如果妇女患膀胱炎的风险可能更高：

• are sexually active
• 怀孕了
• use diaphragms with spermicide
• have experienced menopause
• are utilizing irritating personal hygiene products

Men may be at a higher risk for cystitis if they have an enlarged prostate due to retention of urine in the bladder.

风险因素common to men and women include:

• current or recent urinary tract infection (UTI)
• 放射治疗
• chemotherapy
• use of a catheter
• diabetes
• 肾结石
• HIV
• spinal injuries
• interference with the flow of urine

How is cystitis diagnosed?

There are a few different ways to diagnose cystitis. Your doctor may ask for a urine sample to determine the cause of your cystitis and check for a UTI. Your doctor may also perform cystoscopy, or an imaging test to determine the cause of your symptoms.

Cystoscopy

In a cystoscopy, a doctor inspects your bladder with a thin tube that has a camera and light attached. Doctors can use the cystoscope to collect a biopsy of bladder tissue if needed. A biopsy is a small tissue sample used for further testing.

Imaging test

成像测试通常不是必需的，但是它们可能有助于诊断膀胱炎。X射线或超声可以帮助排除膀胱炎的其他原因，例如结构性问题或肿瘤。

膀胱炎如何治疗？

药物

Antibiotics are a common treatment for bacterial cystitis. Interstitial cystitis can also be treated with medication. Medication for interstitial cystitis depends on its cause.

Surgeries

Surgery can treat cystitis, but it may not be the doctor’s first choice. It is more common for chronic conditions. Sometimes surgery can repair a structural issue.

家庭护理

家庭护理treatments can help ease discomfort. Common methods are:

• 将加热垫涂在腹部或背部
• over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen
• sitz bathsto cleanse the pelvic area

Sometimes you can manage cystitis symptoms at home, without taking medication. These should not replace antibiotics if they are needed to treat a UTI. Common home therapy methods are:

• 蔓越莓汁或片剂
• drinking lots of fluids
• wearing cotton underwear and loose fitting clothes
• avoiding any food or beverages that you suspect make your symptoms worse

Alternative therapies

还有其他用于膀胱炎的非手术程序。有时用水或气体拉伸膀胱会暂时改善症状。

Nerve stimulation can lower the frequency of bathroom visits and may relieve pelvic pain. And for cystitis caused by radiation or chemotherapy, medication can help flush the bladder.

膀胱炎的前景是什么？

The outlook of cystitis is dependent on the cause of the symptoms. In general, the outlook for cystitis is good. However, it is important to treat the underlying condition as soon as possible. If you experience symptoms of cystitis, it’s best to contact a doctor.

While recovering from cystitis, you should:

• drink plenty of fluids
• avoid caffeinated drinks, as these can irritate your bladder
• 经常小便，而不是“持有”
• wear cotton underwear and loose fitting clothes

Preventing cystitis

Women should wipe from front to back after a bowel movement to prevent the spread of bacteria from feces. In addition, taking showers instead of baths may also help. Make sure to wash skin gently in the genital area.

Women should empty their bladders after sexual intercourse, and drink water. Finally, avoid any products that irritate the area.