什么是慢性阻塞性肺疾病？

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是指可能导致气道阻塞的肺部疾病。这可能使呼吸困难并引起咳嗽，喘息和粘液产生。

有人COPD通常可以发展与COPD有关的其他疾病和疾病。

对于那些患有COPD的人，每一次呼吸都可能很困难。患有COPD的人可能会面临严重的并发症的风险，不仅可以使自己的健康危害，而且还可以致命。这是其中一些并发症，以及一些防止它们的技巧。

肺炎occurs when germs like bacteria or viruses enter the lungs, creating an infection.

According to the 疾病预防与控制中心 ，肺炎的常见病毒原因是流感病毒，会引起流感和呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）。疾病预防控制中心还指出，细菌性肺炎的常见原因是肺炎链球菌。

肺炎是排名均匀influenzaas the eighth leading cause of death in the country. The illness is especially dangerous for those with a weakened pulmonary system, such as those who have COPD. For these people, it can cause further inflammatory damage in the lungs.

This can lead to a chain reaction of illnesses that can weaken the lungs even further and lead to a rapid deterioration of health in people with COPD.

Overall good health is key to preventing infections in people with COPD. Here are some tips for reducing your risk of infection:

  • 喝大量液体，尤其是水，以保持健康的细支气管，同时稀疏粘液和分泌物。
  • 戒烟吸烟以维持健康的免疫系统和肺部健康。
  • Wash your hands consistently.
  • 避免与您认识的人接触呼吸道感染。
  • 阻止病假的朋友和家人参观您的家。
  • 获取肺炎疫苗和年度流感疫苗。

COPD最关键的并发症之一是heart failure。

由于患有COPD的人的血液中的氧气水平较低，并且由于肺功能与心脏功能紧密相互交织，因此当肺部患肺时，心脏通常会受到影响。

According to the 美国胸腔学会 ，这可能导致严重的肺动脉高压到5％至10％的晚期COPD患者发生的右侧心力衰竭。

对于许多人来说，充分治疗COPD可以帮助防止疾病发展到导致心力衰竭的程度。

But because many of the symptoms of heart failure can be the same as those of COPD, it may be difficult for people to recognize that they’re having heart issues.

The first step to preventing heart failure is to slow the progression of COPD. Here are a few simple ways you can do this:

  • Engage in mild to moderate physical activity to build up heart and lung stamina.
  • Stick to your COPD treatment plan as directed by your doctor.
  • Give up smoking as soon as possible.

由于COPD通常可以归因于吸烟，因此患有COPD的人也面临着更大的风险肺癌。

However, smoking may not be the only connection between COPD and lung cancer. Exposure to other chemicals in the environment that irritate the lungs may cause a person to be prone to developing COPD or lung cancer. Genetics may also play a role.

Since lung cancer is often fatal, it’s important that people with COPD avoid factors that further damage the lungs, especially smoking.

COPDdoesn’t causediabetes mellitus，但这可能使管理糖尿病的困难症状更加困难。同时患有COPD和糖尿病的一个重要并发症是某些用于治疗COPD的药物的潜力，可对葡萄糖控制产生不利影响。

患有糖尿病和COPD的人可能会发现症状恶化，因为糖尿病也会损害其心血管系统，这会延续并影响其肺功能。

吸烟会使糖尿病和COPD的症状恶化，因此必须尽快停止吸烟。

通常在医生的帮助下学习管理血糖，可以帮助防止COPD症状变得不堪重负。导致持续高血糖水平的非托管糖尿病会导致肺功能降低。

Work with your doctor to ensure that the medications they prescribe will work to treat both conditions with minimal adverse effect on either. This can help you effectively manage these two diseases at once.

The gradual mental decline of many people with severe COPD can be tough on loved ones. Cognitive impairment, which occurs in those with dementia, is especially prevalent in older people with COPD, making managing symptoms even more difficult.

COPD是发展痴呆症的危险因素。诸如低氧和高二氧化碳水平之类的疾病可能会因COPD而损害大脑，而吸烟引起的额外脑血管损伤也在用COPD培养痴呆症中起作用。

You can help prevent dementia by taking these steps:

  • Maintain a healthy body weight.
  • Manage diabetes and cholesterol levels.
  • 不要抽烟产品。
  • Keep your mind sharp by regularly engaging in mentally stimulating activities, such as crossword puzzles and other brain games.

COPDis the third leading死亡原因in the United States. Doctors are usually unable to give an exact prognosis after a person receives a COPD diagnosis. Some people may live only a matter of months, while others live for years.

预期寿命德pends greatly on a person’s age at the time of diagnosis and other health conditions. Those with moderate to severe COPD will usually have reduced life expectancy despite their age.

Respiratory failure is a common COPD-related cause of death. After months, years, or even decades of struggling with lung problems, the lungs eventually stop working altogether.

心力衰竭也是COPD死亡的一个因素，COPD经常导致心脏问题。

COPD是一个严重的状况，但是有可能通过及时和纠正医疗服务来减慢其进展。了解原因，及早诊断和开始治疗，并了解如何试图防止疾病变得更糟，这是保持健康并享受长寿的关键。