Overview
胆瘤是一种异常的，非癌性的皮肤生长，在耳膜后面的耳朵中部可以发展。这可能是出生缺陷，但最常见的是反复的中耳感染引起的。
A cholesteatoma often develops as acyst，，，，or sac, that sheds layers of old skin. As these dead skin cells accumulate, the growth can increase in size and destroy the delicate bones of the middle ear. This may affect hearing, balance, and the function of facial muscles.
除了反复感染外，胆汁脱瘤也可能是由于功能较差而引起的咽鼓管，，，，which is the tube that leads from the back of the nose to the middle of the ear.
Eustachian管允许空气流过耳朵并均衡耳压。由于以下任何内容，它可能无法正常工作：
- chronic ear infections
- 窦感染
- colds
- 过敏
如果你的Eustachian Tube无法正常工作，中耳可能发生部分真空。这可能会导致耳膜的一部分被拉到中耳中，从而形成可以变成胆汁脂蛋白的囊肿。当它充满了旧的皮肤细胞，液体和其他废料时，生长就会变得更大。
The symptoms associated with a cholesteatoma typically start out mild. They become more severe as the cyst grows larger and begins to cause problems within your ear.
Initially, the affected ear may drain a foul-smelling fluid. As the cyst grows, it will begin to create a sense of pressure in your ear, which may cause some discomfort. You might also feel an aching pain in or behind your ear. The pressure of the growing cyst may even cause hearing loss in the affected ear.
如果您有这些症状，请立即致电医生。眩晕，，，，面部肌肉瘫痪，，，，and permanent听力损失can occur if the cyst continues to grow unchecked.
当未经治疗的情况下，胆碱瘤将增长更大，并引起并发症，从轻度到非常重。
The dead skin cells that accumulate in the ear provide an ideal environment for bacteria and fungus to thrive. This means the cyst can become infected, causing inflammation and continual ear drainage.
随着时间的流逝，胆汁脱瘤也可能破坏周围的骨骼。它会损坏耳膜，耳朵内的骨骼，大脑靠近的骨头以及脸部神经。如果耳朵内的骨头损坏，可能会发生永久性听力损失。
The cyst may even spread into the face if it continues to grow, causing facial weakness.
其他潜在并发症包括：
- 耳朵的慢性感染
- swelling of the inner ear
- paralysis of the facial muscles
- meningitis，，，，which is a life-threatening brain infection
- brain abscesses，或大脑中的脓液集
为了确定您是否患有胆汁脂蛋白瘤，您的医生将使用耳镜检查耳朵的内部。这种医疗设备使您的医生可以查看是否存在增长囊肿的迹象。具体而言，他们将寻找可见的皮肤细胞或耳朵中大量血管的沉积物。
Your doctor may need to order aCT scanif there are no obvious signs of a cholesteatoma. A CT scan might also be ordered if you’re showing certain symptoms, such as dizziness and facial muscle weakness. A CT scan is a painless imaging test that captures images from a cross section of your body. The scan allows your doctor to see inside your ear and skull. This can help them better visualize the cyst or rule out other possible causes of your symptoms.
一般而言，治疗胆碱瘤的唯一方法是通过手术将其切除。囊肿必须去除，以防止发生更大的并发症。胆汁淤积并不自然消失。它们通常会继续增长并引起其他问题。
一旦诊断出胆碱瘤，很可能会开处方抗生素，耳滴和仔细清洁耳朵的治疗方案，以治疗受感染的囊肿，减少炎症并排出耳朵。然后，您的医疗专业人员将能够更好地分析囊肿的生长特征，并制定外科手术的计划。
在大多数情况下，手术是门诊手术。这意味着您不必在手术后留在医院。只有在囊肿很大或患有严重感染的情况下，就有必要住院。手术是在全身麻醉下进行的。初次手术以去除囊肿后，进行后续手术以重建内耳的任何受损部分，并确保已完全去除囊肿通常是必要的。
去除胆碱瘤后，您需要参加后续约会，以评估结果并确保囊肿没有回来。如果囊肿破裂了您的耳朵，则需要第二次手术来修复它们。
手术后，有些人会感到暂时的头晕或味道异常。这些副作用几乎总是在几天之内解决。
先天性胆汁脂瘤不能预防，但是父母应该意识到这种情况，以便在存在时可以快速识别和治疗。
You can prevent cholesteatomas later in life by treating ear infections quickly and thoroughly. However, cysts may still occur. It’s important to treat cholesteatomas as early as possible to prevent complications. Call your doctor right away if you believe you have a cholesteatoma.
The long-term outlook for people with cholesteatomas is generally good. Complications are usually rare if the cyst is caught and removed early. If a cholesteatoma sac has become particularly large or complex before it is identified, it is possible that there will be some permanent hearing loss. Imbalance and vertigo can also result from a large cholesteatoma eating through the sensitive nerves and delicate bones in the ear.
Even if it does increase in size, the cyst can almost always be removed successfully with surgery.
问：
胆碱瘤的危险因素有哪些？
A：
关于危险因素，最重要的是中耳重复感染。通过严重的过敏症也可能引起穿过尤斯塔克塔克式管的不当排水。反复感染中耳感染的危险因素包括耳朵感染的家族病史，使您易于记录鼻窦和耳朵感染以及暴露于香烟烟雾的情况。
马克·拉弗拉姆博士 答案代表我们的医学专家的意见。所有内容都是严格的信息，不应被视为医疗建议。