什么是乳糜泻？

Celiac disease is a digestive disorder caused by an abnormal immune reaction to gluten. Celiac disease is also known as:

  • sprue
  • nontropical sprue
  • 面筋敏感的肠病

面筋是一种在用小麦，大麦，黑麦和黑麦制成的食物中发现的蛋白质。它也可以在处理其他谷物的植物中生产的燕麦。甚至可以在某些药物，维生素和口红中找到面筋。麸质不耐症，也称为麸质相关疾病，其特征是食用含有麸质食物的症状。具有非粘液麸质敏感性的人可能对麸质具有轻微的敏感性，而其他人则患有自身免疫性疾病。

在腹腔疾病,免疫应答蛋白creates toxins that destroy the villi. Villi are tiny finger-like protrusions inside the small intestines. When the villi become damaged, the body is unable to absorb nutrients from food. This can lead to malnutrition and other serious health complications, including permanent intestinal damage.

According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, about 1 in 141 Americans has celiac disease. People with celiac disease need to eliminate all forms of gluten from their diet. This includes most bread products, baked goods, beer, and foods where gluten may be used as a stabilizing ingredient.

Celiac disease symptoms usually involve the intestines and digestive system, but they can also affect other parts of the body. Children and adults tend to have a different set of symptoms.

Celiac disease symptoms in children

Children with celiac disease can feel tired and irritable. They may also be smaller than normal and have delayed puberty. Other common symptoms include:

Celiac disease symptoms in adults

成人腹腔疾病可能digestiv经验e symptoms. In most cases, however, symptoms also affect other areas of the body. These symptoms may include:

Dermatitis herpetiformis（DH）是乳糜泻的另一种常见症状。DH是由颠簸和水泡组成的强烈发痒的皮疹。它可能会在肘部，臀部和膝盖上发展。DH大约影响15％至25％of people with celiac disease. Those who do experience DH usually don’t have digestive symptoms.

It’s important to note that symptoms can vary from person to person depending on various factors, including:

  • 某人作为婴儿母乳喂养的时间长度
  • 有人开始吃面筋的年龄
  • the amount of gluten someone eats
  • the severity of intestinal damage

有些患有乳糜泻的人没有症状。但是，由于疾病，它们仍可能发展长期并发症。

Schedule an appointment with your doctor right away if you suspect that you or your child has celiac disease. When diagnosis and treatment are delayed, complications are more likely to occur.

Celiac disease runs in families. According to theUniversity of Chicago Medical Center, people have a 1 in 22 chance of developing celiac disease if their parent or sibling has the condition.

People who have otherautoimmune diseases某些遗传疾病也更有可能患有乳糜泻。与乳糜泻有关的一些疾病包括：

诊断始于身体检查和病史。

Doctors will also perform various tests to help confirm a diagnosis. People with celiac disease often have high levels of antiendomysium (EMA) and anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTGA) antibodies. These can be detected with blood tests. Tests are most reliable when they’re performed while gluten is still in the diet.

Common blood tests include:

In people with DH, a skin biopsy can also help doctors diagnose celiac disease. During a skin biopsy, the doctor will remove tiny pieces of skin tissue for examination with a microscope. If the skin biopsy and blood test results indicate celiac disease, an internal biopsy may not be necessary.

如果血液检查或皮肤活检结果尚无定论，则可以使用上内窥镜检查腹腔疾病。在上层内窥镜检查过程中，将一个称为内窥镜的细管穿过嘴，然后向下刺入小肠。连接到内窥镜上的小型摄像头使医生可以检查肠子并检查对绒毛的损坏。医生还可以进行肠活检，涉及从肠道中去除组织样品进行分析。

治疗乳糜泻的唯一方法是从饮食中永久清除面筋。这使肠绒毛可以愈合并开始正确吸收营养。您的医生将教您如何避免在营养健康的饮食中避免面筋。他们还将为您提供有关如何阅读食物和产品标签的说明，以便您可以识别任何包含面筋的成分。

症状可以在去除饮食中去除麸质的几天内改善。但是，在进行诊断之前，您不应停止吃面筋。过早去除麸质可能会干扰测试结果并导致诊断不准确。

Maintaining a gluten-free diet isn’t easy. Fortunately, many companies are now making gluten-free products, which can be found at various grocery stores and specialty food stores. The labels on these products will say “gluten-free.”

If you have celiac disease, it is important to know which foods are safe. Here is a series of food guidelines that can help you determine what to eat and what to avoid.

避免以下成分：

  • 小麦
  • spelt
  • rye
  • barley
  • 黑麦
  • bulgur
  • durum
  • farina
  • 格雷厄姆面粉
  • 粗粮

除非标签不含麸质，否则避免：

  • 啤酒
  • bread
  • cakes and pies
  • candy
  • 谷物
  • 饼干
  • 饼干
  • croutons
  • 肉汁
  • 模仿肉或海鲜
  • oats
  • 意大利面
  • 加工的午餐肉，香肠和热狗
  • salad dressings
  • 调味料（包括酱油）
  • 自我basting家禽
  • soups

您可以吃这些无麸质谷物和淀粉：

  • buckwheat
  • corn
  • 苋菜
  • 葛根
  • cornmeal
  • flour made from rice, soy, corn, potatoes, or beans
  • 纯玉米饼
  • 藜麦
  • rice
  • 木薯

健康的无麸质食物包括：

  • 新鲜的肉，鱼类和禽肉，尚未被面包屑，覆盖或腌制
  • fruit
  • 大多数乳制品
  • 淀粉蔬菜，如豌豆，土豆，包括地瓜和玉米
  • 米饭，豆类和小扁豆
  • 蔬菜
  • wine, distilled liquors, ciders, and spirits

Your symptoms should improve within days to weeks of making these dietary adjustments. In children, the intestine usually heals in three to six months. Intestinal healing may take several years in adults. Once the intestine completely heals, the body will be able to absorb nutrients properly.