Overview

Burkitt’s lymphoma is a rare and aggressive form of非霍奇金的淋巴瘤。非霍奇金淋巴瘤是淋巴系统的一种癌症，可帮助您的身体抗击感染。

Burkitt’s lymphoma is most common in children living in sub-Saharan Africa, where it’s related to the爱泼斯坦 - 巴尔病毒（EBV）and慢性疟疾。

伯基特的淋巴瘤也可以在其他地方（包括美国）看到。在非洲以外，伯基特的淋巴瘤最有可能发生在免疫系统受损的人中。

伯基特的淋巴瘤会引起发烧，体重减轻和夜汗。伯基特淋巴瘤的其他症状因类型而异。

零星伯基特的淋巴瘤

零星伯基特淋巴瘤的症状包括：

地方性伯基特的淋巴瘤

特有的伯基特淋巴瘤的症状包括swelling and distortion of facial bones and a rapid growth of lymph nodes. The enlarged lymph nodes are non-tender. Tumors can grow extremely quickly, sometimes doubling their size within 18 hours.

免疫缺陷相关的淋巴瘤

免疫缺陷相关淋巴瘤的症状与零星类型相似。

伯基特淋巴瘤的确切原因尚不清楚。

风险因素vary according to geographic location. 研究 表明，伯基特的淋巴瘤是在像非洲这样的疟疾发生率很高的地区最常见的儿童癌症。在其他地方，最大的风险因素是艾滋病病毒。

The three types of Burkitt’s lymphoma are sporadic, endemic, and immunodeficiency-related. The types differ by geographic location and the parts of the body they affect.

零星伯基特的淋巴瘤

零星伯基特的淋巴瘤does occur outside of Africa, but it’s rare in the other parts of the world. It’s sometimes associated with EBV. It tends to affect the lower abdomen, where the small intestine ends and the large intestine begins.

地方性伯基特的淋巴瘤

这种类型的伯基特淋巴瘤最常在赤道附近的非洲出现，与慢性疟疾和EBV有关。面部骨头和下巴最常受到影响。但是，也可能涉及小肠，肾脏，卵巢和乳房。

免疫缺陷相关的淋巴瘤

This type of Burkitt’s lymphoma is associated with the use of immunosuppressive drugs like those used to prevent transplant rejection and to treat HIV.

Burkitt’s lymphoma is most likely to affect children. It’s rare in adults. The disease is more common in males and people with compromised immune systems, like those who have HIV. The incidence is higher in:

  • North Africa
  • 中东
  • 南美洲
  • 巴布亚新几内亚

零星和流行的形式与EBV有关。昆虫传播的病毒感染和促进肿瘤生长的草药提取物可能是可能的因素。

A diagnosis of Burkitt’s lymphoma begins with a medical history and体格检查。Abiopsy肿瘤证实了诊断。骨髓和中枢神经系统通常涉及。通常检查骨髓和脊髓液，以查看癌症已经扩散了多远。

Burkitt’s lymphoma is staged according to lymph node and organ involvement. The involvement of bone marrow or the central nervous system means you have stage 4. ACT扫描MRI扫描可以帮助指出哪些器官和淋巴结涉及。

伯基特的淋巴瘤通常以组合治疗化学疗法。Chemotherapy agents used in the treatment of Burkitt’s lymphoma include:

  • 黄体
  • 环磷酰胺
  • 阿霉素
  • 长春新碱
  • methotrexate
  • 依托泊苷

利妥昔单抗治疗单克隆抗体可以与化学疗法结合使用。放射治疗也可以与化学疗法一起使用。

Chemotherapy drugs are injected directly into the spinal fluid to prevent the cancer from spreading to the central nervous system. This method of injection is referred to as “intrathecal.” People who get intensive chemotherapy treatment have been associated with best outcomes.

在医疗资源有限的国家中，治疗通常不那么密集且成功。

伯基特淋巴瘤的儿童已被证明具有最好的外观。

肠梗阻的存在需要手术。

结果取决于诊断时的阶段。在40岁以上的成年人中，前景通常更糟，但是近年来成人的治疗方法有所改善。患有艾滋病毒的人的前景很差。在癌症没有扩散的人中，情况要好得多。