什么是脑活检？

脑活检用于诊断疾病。在该过程中，从脑中移除肿瘤或一块组织以在显微镜下检查。脑活组织检查类型包括：

  • 针活检
  • stereotactic biopsy
  • open biopsy

在针活检中，将一个小孔钻入颅骨和窄的中空针被放入切口中以提取肿瘤或组织的微小部分。

A stereotactic biopsy uses 3-D imaging technology, as well as data from CT and MRI scans, to examine a tumor or a piece of the brain. Stereotactic biopsy is a minimally invasive procedure.

Open biopsies are the most common form of brain biopsy and the most invasive. During the procedure, your surgeon will remove a piece of bone from your skull while you’re under general anesthesia. This allows the tumor to be exposed and removed. This is riskier than other brain biopsy methods and the recovery time is longer.

A brain biopsy can help doctors diagnose brain illnesses, allowing them to devise treatment plans. Doctors usually order brain biopsies to determine whether a tumor is cancerous or benign. It can also be ordered to confirm the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, a dementia-related disease. Inflammatory disorders and infections can also be identified through brain biopsy.

A brain biopsy is seen as a last resort for diagnosing an illness and is performed after imaging techniques prove inconclusive. In the case of dementia, the role of brain biopsy is sometime used for diagnosis, but the practice still remains uncertain.Research表明，随着发现新疗法，该程序可能变得更加值得诊断痴呆症。但是，现在，诸如阿尔茨海默氏症等疾病通常在临床上诊断并通过成像测试进行诊断。

Brain surgery is always risky, but needle and stereotactic biopsies are less invasive than open biopsies. They also have fewer complications.

Going under anesthesia always poses risks for older adults and people with dementia. All types of brain biopsies can result in swelling or bleeding in the brain. They can also lead to:

  • infection
  • seizure
  • 中风
  • coma

Sometimes, tests on the sampled tissue are inconclusive and the procedure must be repeated. Risks have been reduced with modern technology such as stereotactic equipment.

Lab work and a CT scan or an MRI may be ordered, before your surgery. Your doctor may ask you to discontinue using blood thinners and aspirin. You may need to wash your hair with a special shampoo the night before surgery.

大脑活组织检查在医院手术室进行。你的外科医生可以在你身上放置一个头戒指，用别针固定。在某些情况下，CT扫描或MRI与活组织检查结合使用，通常用头环到位。在其他情况下，CT扫描或MRI在活组织检查之前采集，结果将结果上传到外科设备。这消除了对头环的需求。

In needle or stereotactic biopsies, a small incision, a few millimeters long, is made. After a tiny hole is drilled into the skull, a small needle is placed into the brain and the biopsy is obtained. If the biopsy is remotely controlled, your doctor can navigate the needle during surgery by watching a monitor.

After surgery, the incision is stapled or sutured. In the case of open biopsies, the bone flap is replaced with plates or wires. If there is swelling or infection, the flap won’t be replaced. This is called a craniectomy.

如果需要，您的医生将与您一起使用活组织检查结果并提出治疗计划。在某些情况下，特别是刻膜和针刺活组织检查，您可以在同一天回家。虽然通常需要为期一天的住院住宿。根据您的健康以及在手术期间是否出现任何并发症，您的健康状况可能更长。