Fecal incontinence, also called bowel incontinence, is a loss of bowel control that results in involuntary bowel movements (fecal elimination). This can range from an infrequent involuntary passage of small amounts of stool to a total loss of bowel control.
有些患有粪便失禁的人排便的冲动但是无法等待到达浴室。其他人没有感觉到排便的感觉，在不知不觉中通过了凳子。
Fecal incontinence can be an uncomfortable condition, but it can improve with treatment.
正常的肠道控制依赖于：
这些区域中的任何一个都可能导致粪便尿失禁。
Common causes of fecal incontinence include:
Fecal impaction
慢性便秘can lead to afecal impaction。This happens when a hard stool gets stuck in the rectum. The stool can stretch and weaken the sphincter, which makes the muscles incapable of stopping normal passage.
粪便撞击的另一个并发症是通过肛门泄漏液体粪便。
Diarrhea
Diarrheais the result of松动的orliquidstools. These loose stools can cause an immediate need for a bowel movement. The need can be so sudden that you don’t have enough time to reach a bathroom.
Hemorrhoids
外部的hemorrhoidscan block the sphincter from closing completely. This allows loose stool and mucus to pass involuntarily.
肌肉损伤
对肛门括约肌的损害将阻止肌肉保持肛门紧密关闭。厌食区域，创伤和附近的手术和附近constipationcan damage the sphincter muscles.
Nerve damage
如果括约肌运动神经控制damaged, the sphincter muscles won’t close properly. When this happens, you may also not feel the urge to go to the bathroom.
神经损伤的一些原因包括：
- 分娩的创伤
- chronic constipation
- stroke
- diabetes mellitus
- 多发性硬化症（MS）
骨盆底功能障碍
妇女会对自己的肌肉和神经造成伤害pelviswhile giving birth, but symptoms of骨盆底功能障碍may not be immediately noticeable. They may occur years later. Complications include:
- weakness of the pelvic muscles that are used during bowel movements
- 直肠脱垂, which is when the rectum protrudes through the anus
- rectocele，这是直肠凸起到阴道的时候
有些男人也可能出现骨盆底功能障碍。
任何人都可以遭受粪便尿失禁，但是某些人比其他人更有可能获得粪便。如果以下情况，您可能有危险
- you’re over the age of 65
- 你是女人
- 你是一个生育的女人
- 你有慢性便秘
- you have a disease or injury that caused nerve damage
Your doctor will perform a thorough medical history and physical evaluation to diagnose fecal incontinence. Your doctor will ask you about the frequency of the incontinence and when it occurs, as well as your diet, medications, and health issues.
这following tests may help reach a diagnosis:
- digital examination of the rectal area
- stool culture
- barium enema(fluoroscopic X-ray of the large intestine, including the colon and rectum, with barium contrast)
- blood tests
- electromyography(to test the function of muscles and related nerves)
- anorectalultrasound
- proctography (X-rayvideo imaging during a bowel movement)
这Healthline FindCare toolcan provide options in your area if you need help finding a primary care doctor.
这treatment for fecal incontinence depends on the cause. Some of the treatment options include:
饮食
Foods that cause diarrhea or constipation are identified and eliminated from the diet. This can help normalize and regulate bowel movements. Your doctor many recommend an increase in fluids and certain types offiber。
Medications
对于腹泻，抗炎药（如洛泊酰胺）（Imodium），可待因或二苯甲酸/阿托品（Lomotil）可以开处方以减慢大肠运动的速度，从而使粪便通道慢。您的医生可能会推荐便秘补充剂。
Bowel retraining
Following abowel retraining routine可以鼓励正常的排便。此例程的各个方面可能包括：
- sitting on the toilet on a regular schedule
- 使用rectal suppositoriesto stimulate bowel movements
Incontinence undergarments
您可以穿特殊设计的内衣以增加保护。这些服装有一次性和可重复使用的形式，有些品牌使用可最大程度减少气味的技术。
凯格尔练习
凯格尔练习增强骨盆底肌肉。这些练习涉及一个常规，以重复接管去洗手间时使用的肌肉。您应该咨询您的医生，以学习正确的练习方法。
Biofeedback
Biofeedback是另一种医疗技术。有了它，您就可以在传感器的帮助下利用思想来控制身体功能。
If you have fecal incontinence, biofeedback will help you learn how to control and strengthen your sphincter muscles. Sometimes medical equipment used for training is placed in your anus and rectum. Your doctor will then test your rectum and anal sphincter muscle function.
这muscle tone measured is visually displayed on a computer screen so you can observe the strength of the muscle movements. By watching the information (the “feedback”), you learn how to improve rectal muscle control (the “bio”).
Surgery
Surgical treatment is generally reserved for severe cases of fecal incontinence. There are several surgical options available:
- Sphincteroplasty.肛门括约肌的撕裂末端被恢复在一起，以增强肌肉并拧紧肛门括约肌。
- Gracilis muscle transplant.这gracilis muscle从大腿内侧转移，放置在肛门括约肌周围，以增加强度和支撑。
- Artificial sphincter.一个artificial sphincter是在肛门周围植入的有机硅环。您将人工括约肌进行手动放置，以使排便并将其充气以关闭肛门，从而防止泄漏。
- Colostomy。有些患有严重粪便失禁的人选择接受手术colostomy。在结肠造口手术期间，您的外科医生将大肠的末端重定向到穿过腹壁。一个一次性袋附着在腹部周围气孔，这是连接到通过腹部开口的肠道的一部分。手术完成后，凳子不再通过肛门，而是从造口空成一次性袋。
Solesta
Solesta is an injectable gel that was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2011 for the treatment of fecal incontinence. The goal of Solesta therapy is to increase the amount of rectal tissue.
将凝胶注入肛门的壁中，并有效地减少或完全治疗某些人的粪便失禁。它通过导致肛门组织的体积和厚度增加而起作用，从而使肛门开口变窄并帮助其保持紧密关闭。
SOLESTA必须由医疗保健专业人员管理。
Aging, past trauma, and certain medical conditions can lead to fecal incontinence. The condition isn’t always preventable. The risk, however, can be reduced by maintaining regular bowel movements and by keeping the pelvic muscles strong.