血气测试测量血液中氧气和二氧化碳的量。它也可用于确定血液的pH，或者是多么酸性。该试验通常称为血气分析或动脉血液（ABG）试验。
您的红细胞在整个体内运输氧气和二氧化碳。这些被称为血气。
As blood passes through your lungs, oxygen flows into the blood while carbon dioxide flows out of the blood into the lungs. The blood gas test can determine how well your lungs are able to move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
氧气，二氧化碳和血液的pH水平的不平衡可以表明存在某些医疗条件。这些可能包括：
当您显示任何这些条件的症状时，您的医生可能会订购血气测试。该测试需要从动脉中收集少量血液。这是一个安全而简单的程序，只需几分钟即可完成。
A blood gas test provides a precise measurement of the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in your body. This can help your doctor determine how well your lungs and kidneys are working.
This is a test that is most commonly used in the hospital setting to determine the management of acutely ill patients. It doesn’t have a very significant role in the primary care setting, but may be used in a pulmonary function lab or clinic.
Your doctor may order a blood gas test if you’re showing symptoms of an oxygen, carbon dioxide, or pH imbalance. The symptoms can include:
- 气促
- difficulty breathing
- 困惑
- 恶心
These symptoms may be signs of certain medical conditions, including asthma andchronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
医生也可能要求你如果血液气体测试y suspect you’re experiencing any of the following conditions:
- lung disease
- kidney disease
- 代谢疾病
- head or neck injuries that affect breathing
Identifying imbalances in your pH and blood gas levels can also help your doctor monitor treatment for certain conditions, such as lung and kidney diseases.
血气测试通常与其他测试一起订购，这样一个血糖试验检查血糖水平和a肌酐血液测试评估肾功能。
由于血气测试不需要大量的血液样本，因此被认为是低风险的程序。
However, you should always tell your doctor about existing medical conditions that may make you bleed more than expected. You should also tell them if you’re taking any over-the-counter or prescription medications, such as blood thinners, that may affect your bleeding.
Possible side effects associated with the blood gas test include:
- 穿刺部位出血或瘀伤
- 感到昏暗
- blood accumulating under the skin
- infection at the puncture site
Tell your doctor if you experience unexpected or prolonged side effects.
血气测试需要收集一小部分血液样本。如果您当前住院，可以从手腕，手臂或腹股沟中的动脉，手臂或腹股沟的动脉获得动脉血液。血液气体样品也可以是静脉，来自静脉或预先存在的IV或毛细血管，这需要小刺脚跟。
医疗保健提供者将首先用防腐剂灭菌。一旦他们找到动脉，他们就会将针插入动脉并吸血。当针进入时，你可能会略微刺痛。动脉比静脉更平滑的肌肉层，有些人可能会发现动脉血液试验比静脉从血液抽取更痛苦。
取出针后，在将绷带放在穿刺伤口上，技术人员将保持压力几分钟。
然后通过便携式机器或在现场实验室分析血液样品。必须在步骤的10分钟内进行分析，以确保准确的测试结果。
The results of a blood gas test can help your doctor diagnose various diseases or determine how well treatments are working for certain conditions, including lung diseases. It also shows whether or not your body is compensating for the imbalance.
由于某些值的赔偿潜力，这将导致纠正其他值，这是解释结果的人必须是培训的医疗保健提供者，具有血气解释经验。
The test measures:
- 动脉血pH值，which indicates the amount of hydrogen ions in blood. A pH of less than 7.0 is called acidic, and a pH greater than 7.0 is called basic, or alkaline. A lower blood pH may indicate that your blood is more acidic and has higher carbon dioxide levels. A higher blood pH may indicate that your blood is more basic and has a higher bicarbonate level.
- 碳酸氢盐，这是一种有助于防止血液pH的化学物质也无法变得过于酸性或过于碱性。
- 氧气的部分压力，这是溶解在血液中的氧气压力的量度。它决定了氧气如何能够从肺部流入血液中。
- Partial pressure of carbon dioxide,which is a measure of the pressure of carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood. It determines how well carbon dioxide is able to flow out of the body.
- 氧饱和度，这是红细胞中血红蛋白携带的氧气量的量度。
In general, normal values include:
- arterial blood pH:7.38至7.42
- bicarbonate:22 to 28 milliequivalents per liter
- partial pressure of oxygen:75至100 mm hg
- 二氧化碳的分压：38至42毫米HG
- oxygen saturation:94到100％
如果您生活在海平面之上，您的血氧水平可能会降低。
The normal values will have a slightly different reference range if they are from a venous or capillary sample.
Abnormal results can be signs of certain medical conditions, including the ones in the following table:
| Blood pH | 碳酸氢盐 | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide | 健康）状况 | Common causes |
| 小于7.4. | Low | Low | Metabolic acidosis | 肾功能衰竭，休克，糖尿病酮症化 |
| 大于7.4 | 高的 | 高的 | 代谢碱化 | 慢性呕吐，低血钾 |
| 小于7.4. | 高的 | 高的 | 呼吸酸中毒 | 肺部疾病，包括肺炎或COPD |
| 大于7.4 | Low | Low | Respiratory alkalosis | 呼吸太快，疼痛或焦虑 |
正常和异常范围可以根据实验室变化，因为一些使用不同的测量或方法来分析血样。
您应该始终与您的医生见面，以更详细地讨论您的测试结果。如果您需要更多的测试，他们将能够告诉您是否需要任何治疗方法。