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概述

血栓和瘀伤都涉及血液问题，导致皮肤明显变色。然而，两者之间的重要差异存在。继续阅读以了解瘀伤和凝块之间的差异。

什么是瘀伤？

Bruises, or contusions, are discolorations of the skin. They occur when small blood vessels called “capillaries” burst. This traps blood below the skin’s surface. Bruises often occur due to trauma to the bruised area from a cut, blunt force, orbone fractures.

瘀伤可能发生在身体的许多部位。他们通常只是有点痛苦，但有时它们可​​以是无痛或极其痛苦的。

当你有瘀伤时，皮肤有时会在瘀伤区域缺乏氧气时占据了黑色的，蓝色的外观。随着瘀伤愈合，瘀伤的颜色将在消失之前变为红色，绿色或黄色。

Bruises just under the skin are called “subcutaneous.” They can also occur within muscles. If they occur on bones, they’re referred to as “periosteal.” More bruises tend to be subcutaneous.

什么是血凝块？

Blood clots are semisolid masses of blood. Like bruises, they form when a blood vessel is injured by trauma from blunt force, a cut, or excess lipids in the blood. When you’re injured, cell fragments called platelets and proteins in blood plasma will stop the injury from bleeding. This process is called coagulation, and it forms clots. Clots usually dissolve naturally. Sometimes, however, the clots don’t naturally dissolve. That can cause long-term problems. When this happens, it’s called “hypercoagulation” and you should go to your doctor for treatment.

瘀伤可以在整个身体的各种地方发生，但无论瘀伤发生在哪里，症状通常都是一致的。

Many bruises change colors as time progresses. Initially, they’re reddish. Then, they’ll often turn dark purple or blue after a few hours. As the bruise heals, it will typically become green, yellow, or lime. A bruise is usually painful at first and may feel tender. As the color fades, the pain usually goes away.

They may produce different symptoms depending on where they are. Blood clots can occur in a wide variety of places throughout the body:

  • A blood clot in the lung, orpulmonary embolus，可以引起胸痛，呼吸急促，有时呼吸速度增加。
  • A blood clot in the leg vein, ordeep vein thrombosis（DVT），导致痛苦，疼痛，发红，肉炎。
  • 腿部动脉的血凝块会导致腿感到寒冷，看起来苍白。
  • 大脑动脉或血凝块，或中风, can cause视力损失,失去言语, and weakness on one side of the body.
  • A心脏病发作，这是冠状动脉中的血凝块，可能导致恶心, difficulty breathing, sweating, and pain in the chest.
  • 肠系膜缺血, or a blood clot in the artery to the intestine, leads to nausea, blood in the stool, and stomach pain.

了解更多信息：如何判断你是否有血液凝视»

风险因素for bruises

你不太可能你永远不会有瘀伤。但有些人可能更有可能培养瘀伤。瘀伤的风险因素包括：

  • taking anticoagulants that thin the blood such as warfarin (Coumadin)
  • taking medications like aspirin or ibuprofen (Advil布洛芬IB)可以巧妙地稀释血液
  • having a出血障碍
  • 撞到一个坚硬的表面，你可能会或可能不记得
  • 由于年龄较大的年龄而具有更薄的皮肤和更脆弱的血管
  • having a vitamin C deficiency, or scurvy
  • being physically abused

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风险因素for blood clots

Many different factors increase the risk of blood clot formation.

Lifestyle factors

提高凝血风险的生活方式因素包括：

  • 超重或肥胖
  • smoking tobacco
  • being pregnant
  • 坐着延长时期
  • 在床上长时间休息
  • 使用修改激素的疗法，例如节育控制和激素替代品
  • 有最近的创伤或手术

Genetic factors

Genetic factors also contribute to high levels of blood clotting. You’re more likely to experience blood clots if you have:

  • 40岁之前的血栓历史
  • 具有有害血栓历史的家庭成员
  • one or more miscarriages

通常发生血栓，因为蛋白质和其他血液凝固的物质尚未正常运作。

增加风险的疾病

有些疾病也可以增加凝血的风险。它们包括：

You should see your doctor if you have severe pain or unexplained bruising. Your doctor will ask you questions to obtain a thorough medical history and find clues as to why you have symptoms. They’ll also perform aphysical exam并检查你的生命身志。如果瘀伤频繁且没有潜在的原因，您的医生将评估血液以寻找疾病。如果你有严重的肿胀或炎症，你的医生可以使用X射线检查任何破碎或骨折的骨头。愈合的不同阶段的瘀伤和瘀伤可能表示身体虐待。

Doctors will usually run more tests for blood clotting and look for thrombi in arteries and veins. They may order:

因为血栓可能发生在各种各样的地方，所以您的医生可以根据他们怀疑凝块所在的位置选择某些测试。

Doctors don’t usually have a special treatment for bruises. They’ll likely recommend common home remedies such as icing the bruised area and then applying heat to it. Pain-reducing medications such as aspirin may also help.

If your doctor hears something in your history that may indicate a reason for your bruising, they’ll do further tests to identify or eliminate possible causes of the bruise.

If you have a blood clot, your doctor might prescribe medications to treat the clot. They’ll use blood thinners in a sequential treatment plan. For the first week, they’ll use heparin to quickly treat the clot. People typically receive this medication as an injection under the skin. Then, they’ll prescribe a medication called warfarin (Coumadin). You typically take this medication by mouth for three to six months.

血液凝块和瘀伤都可以从轻微到严重的范围，它们对身体的影响是不同的。通常，血栓可能导致更严重的健康问题。如果您怀疑您有血液凝块，请立即寻求医疗帮助。

您可以通过执行以下操作来降低血栓的风险：

  • 保持健康的体重。
  • Reduce orquit smoking共。
  • 经常锻炼.
  • 避免坐着或躺着长时间。
  • 服用医生规定的所有药物。

Similarly, you can take measures to prevent bruising. They include the following:

  • 将家具从门口和其他地方移动。
  • Make sure rooms and floors are clear.
  • Wear protective gear when you play contact sports, such as football and rugby.
  • 获得足够的vitamin C.